*dóh₃-/dh₃-´

As part of the core vocabulary, this verb is attested 57 times in the HLuw. corpus and can be found across the entire geographical area. Its temporal distribution matches the geographical one, and the relevant texts date between the late 13^th and the late 8^th centuries BCE.

[AH.B.]

The lexeme is attested 57 times in the corpus, but only a selection of the evidence is listed above. Care has been taken to ensure that all spelling variations are covered as well as the range of geographical and temporal distribution of this core verb. Broken forms have been omitted from the list, unless they provided information not otherwise attested.

In BOHÇA, §3, the logogram markers (sign *410) are missing on the inscription, instead the similar looking word-divider (sign *386) occurs twice one after the other, which has prompted scholars to read it as 〈(“^!CAPERE”)〉.

[AH.B.]

The meaning of this verb was first suggested for its CLuw. cognate la- by Laroche 1958a:101-104, who identified it as transitive both in its simplex form /la-/ and with reduplication /lala-/ (see under lemma). Laroche 1958a’s proposal first met with some resistance, e.g. by Meriggi 1962c:258, but was then generally accepted not only for CLuw., but also for HLuw. (see e.g. Oettinger 1979a:501 n. 13, Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1979a:395f.) despite the confusion over its phonological shape in HLuw., see the discussion above.

As a basic level verb, /la-/ is applied widely in monotransitive clauses with direct accusative objects, and in ditransitive constructions with additional indirect objects in the dat./loc. The verb is also frequently combined with pre-verbs to alter its basic meaning: ARHA CAPERE- /ahha la-/ ‘to take away; to receive (of deities)’ (e.g. in KARKAMIŠ A11b+c, §30 and A11a, §27, see Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1986a:77f.); SUPER+ra/i CAPERE /sarra la-/ ‘to take over’ (e.g. in BOHÇA, §3 and §9, see Hawkins 1980a:149); INFRA-tá CAPERE /zanta la-/ ‘to take down (= to defeat, conquer^?)’ (e.g. in ARSUZ 1, §10, see Dinçol, Dinçol, Hawkins, Peker & Öztan 2015a:67).

[AH.B.]

This lexeme is commonly regarded as one of the prime examples for root verbs in the Anatolian languages and inflects according to the ḫi-conjugation, cf. already Kronasser 1956a:188 and more recently e.g. Vernet 2017a:63f. and Sasseville 2021a:348-350 and 546 with further literature.

[AH.B.]

1. /lala-⁽ⁱ⁾/

2. /lalamma-/

This lexeme is attested in various Luwian ritual texts.

[O.B.]

According to Melchert (CLL:120), 〈lu-u[n-n]i〉 on KUB 35.128 could also feasibly belong to lūwa- ‘to pour’.

Per Meriggi 1957a:208 n. 41, 〈[l]a-a-i-im-ma-an〉 is a participle to lā-⁽ⁱ⁾ (also given as such in CLL:120). However, we would not expect a participle of lā-⁽ⁱ⁾ to contain an -i-. The form is as such more likely to belong to another otherwise unattested verb. Therefore, it has not been included in the table above.

[O.B.]

Note the clear misspelling 〈la-a-ad-an〉 on KBo 13.260 ii 17. The form should read as a 3sg. impv. act. form 〈la-a-ad-du^!〉 as elsewhere at the ends of lines KBo 13.260 ii 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 19, 21 and 23 (thus also in Starke 1985b:261). Note also the unique singleton -d- in the form 〈la-a-d[u]〉 on KBo 13.260 ii 7, which should clearly be amended to 〈[l]a-a-<ad>-d[u]〉 on account of the other spellings with geminated -dd- ending elsewhere on the same tablet (pace Starke 1985b:260).

All forms have been checked against the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv).

[O.B.]

The meaning of CLuw. lā-⁽ⁱ⁾ as ‘to take’ is largely consensual since the treatment of Laroche 1958a:101-104, followed in e.g. Laroche 1959a:61, Morpurgo Davies 1982-1983a:263, Oettinger 1979a:564, HEG T/D:6, CLL:120, Hawkins 2000a:269, Schürr 2001e:131, EDHIL:803, Dempsey 2015a:219, Vernet 2017a:63 and Sasseville 2021a:348 (but cf. the initial skepticism in Kammenhuber 1961a:47 n. 4 and Meriggi 1962c:257f.). As demonstrated by Laroche 1958a, the use of the 3sg. pret. act. form latta on KUB 35.43 is mirrored by Hittite dāš in certain ritual contexts. Furthermore, the reduplicated variant CLuw. lālā-⁽ⁱ⁾ takes a hammer (^GIŠNÍG.GUL) as its direct object followed by an instruction to use it (3pl. impv. act. tarmiššandu) on KBo 9.145.

The meaning ‘to loosen’, derived from an alleged connection to Hitt. lā-/l-^(ḫi) ‘to loosen’ (Otten 1953a:57 n. 193a, Kammenhuber 1961a:47 n. 4, Meriggi 1962c:257f., HEG L-M:1), is now outdated.

[O.B.]

CLuw. lā-⁽ⁱ⁾ is ḫi-conjugating root verb. Although the 3sg. pres. act. is not attested, the stem type is certain in comparison to HLuw. /la-⁽ⁱ⁾/ and the CLuw. derivative lālā-⁽ⁱ⁾. The unlenited endings in the 3sg. pret. act. and the 3sg. impv. act. are also consistent with a ḫi-conjugating inflection.

[O.B.]

1. lālā-⁽ⁱ⁾

2. lalam(i)-

3. lālašḫā-

4. lalašḫa-^(ti)

5. lalatta-

HEG T,D:5-11, EDHIL:803-805