*dh3-sk̑é/ó-
‘to take (imperf.)’
- Language
- Proto-Anatolian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 2566
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lycian A
ze-(ti)
‘to take (imperf.)’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is found in grave inscription datable to the reign of Perikles from Limyra (ca. 385/80–362/60 BCE). It is also attested in the inscription of the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.).
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pres. ind. act. | zeti | TL 103.2 (Limyra) |
| part. nom./acc. pl. n. | zẽm͂ | TL 44a.41 (Xanthos) |
The assignment of these two forms to the same lexeme is suggested in Sasseville 2021a:380f., whereas a third previously included form zedi is now assigned to a different stem formation, see Lyc. A ze-(di), pace Lebrun 1999a:43f., DLL:88 and Neumann 2007a:431, Schürr 2007b:119.
[D.S.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
One could take zeti as ze=ti instead (with a relative pronoun and an unmarked form of the verb); see Sasseville 2021a:381. Regarding the form zẽm͂tija, it is interpreted rightly by Eichner 2005a:24 n. 125 and Schürr 2007b:119 as the participial form zẽm͂ (apocopated from *zẽma) and the relative pronoun tija (nom./acc. pl. n.), followed by Sasseville 2021a:380f. and Sasseville 2021c; contra DLL:89, Neumann 2007a:433.
[D.S.]
1.1.4Meaning
The word zeti takes as subject the grave owner and as direct object the sister of two important men. It has been translated with ‘to bury’ without adducing any further support than the funerary context (Neumann apud Borchhardt 1988a:121, Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:80, Neumann 2012a:396, Gehrisch 2018a:144). From an etymological perspective and a link with Hitt. daške/a-(mi) ‘to take (imperf.), to take a woman’, Sasseville 2021a:381 suggests the meaning ‘to take (in marriage)’, which harmonizes better with the meaning of the participial form zẽm͂ ‘repeatedly taken, collected’.Pace Neumann 2007a:413, who thought of Hitt. zikke/a-(mi) ‘to place (imperf.)’. For the contextual meaning of zẽm͂, see Sasseville 2021c, contra Eichner 2005a:24. n. 125 ‘to accomplish’, who compares Hitt. zāi-/-i(ya)-(ḫi) (also zā(i)-(mi)) ‘to cross over’, which is morphologically unsupported and semantically irreconcilable with the form zeti.
[D.S.]
1.1.5Stem
For the verbal stem class, see Sasseville 2021a:380f.
[D.S.]
1.2 Lydian
*ce-
‘to take (imperf.)’1.2.1Derivatives
1.3 Hittite
daške/a-(mi)
‘to take (imperf.)’1.3.1Literature / Comments
HEG T,D:5-11, Oettinger 1979a:64f.
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘to take (imperf.)’
Comparing Lyc. ze-(ti) ‘to take (imperf.)’ and Lyd. *ce- (← ceš- ‘to collect (?)’), we can posit two lexicalized imperfectives in *-sk̑e/o-, equating to Hitt. daške/a-(mi) ‘to take (imperf.)’, and reconstruct a Proto-Anatolian pre-form *dh3-sk̑é/ó- ‘to take (imperf.)’ (see Sasseville 2021a:458). The full grade in da-ške/a-(mi) would have been reintroduced secondarily (thus EDHIL:805).
[D.S.]
For the lemma head see PAnat. *dóh3-/dh3-´.