CAPERE.PANIS-
‘(type of offering)’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 2704
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
CAPERE.PANIS-
‘(type of offering)’1.1.1Transmission
This hapax is attested in an inscription from Aleppo, probably dating to the 11th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom .sg. or nom./acc. sg. | /…/ | CAPERE.PANIS-sa | ALEPPO 6, §12 (Aleppo) |
In the context at ALEPPO 6, §12, the word is followed by the conjunctive particle 〈-ha〉, i.e. /=ha/ ‘and’, and it functions as a subject together with the nouns preceding it. The sign 〈-sa〉 may therefore represent either the nom. sg. c. ending /-s/ or the particle /=sa/ found in the nom./acc. sg. of neuter nouns.
[A.P.] [AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word is unclear, because it is attested only in logographic spelling and has so far escaped a connection to known words, cf. Hawkins 2011b:44.
The logogram PANIS (sign *181) is employed with a number of words from the domains of bread and food more generally, and CAPERE (*41) can be found with a number of verbs, most prominently HLuw. /la-(i)/ ‘to take’.
[AH.B.] [A.P.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this word can be gauged approximately based on its spelling and context of attestation. The logogram PANIS suggests that it denotes a type of bread or bread-like offering. In ALEPPO 6, the word is attested in the last clause of the inscription, completing a passage that details sacrificial duties for persons of different social standing. Payne 2017a:75 tentatively proposes a literal ‘bread for taking’, noting that the meaning may be more general and represent the antonym to the also-mentioned liquid offering /sarlahid-/ ‘libation’, i.e. ‘food offering’ vel sim. The clause at ALEPPO 6, §12 reads: a-wa/i (*291.PANIS)tu+ra/i-pi-sa (LIBARE)sà+ra/i-hi-sa CAPERE.PANIS-sa-ha, approx. /a=wa turpis sarlahi=sa …-s(a?)=ha/, translating as ‘(On the other hand, if he is a lesser (noble)man), (the sacrifice shall be) bread, libation and CAPERE.PANIS-’ (cf. Hawkins 2011b:45).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
From the attestation, the grammatical gender of the word cannot be determined, much less the stem of the word. The spelling is a compound of two logograms (cf. Payne 2017a:44f.), which may hint at a compound word on the morphological level, but does in no way prove any such structure.
[AH.B.]