*pr(e)í / *pró

This lexeme is attested 26 times. Attestations span the entire period of script use from Empire times to the early 7^th century BCE. The lexeme is attested in almost all regions, with the exception of Hama (but the region does use the sign PRAE in the personal name Paritas).

[A.P.]

The attestation in JISR EL HADID 4, §7 features a curious ligature of the signs 〈PRAE〉 and 〈i〉, in which the tongue of the former seems to pierce the latter sign, hence the transliteration as 〈PRAE+i〉.

[A.P.]

Forrer 1932a:51 n. 7 was the first to realise that /pari/ constitutes an adverbial postposition, and as such can also be used as a local adverb and a preverb in HLuw. (cf. Boroday & Yakubovich 2018a:15). The postpositional usage may be observed e.g. in KARKAMIŠ A1a, §19:*a-wa/i-ta kwa/i-i-ha *a-pa-sa-na (“PODIUM”)ta-ti PRAE-i *466-zú-ní-ha, approx. /a=wa=tta kwin=ha abassan tadi pari kwanzunihha/, meaning ‘I worshipped anyone (god) before their block’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:88).

The use of /pari/ shows that it often functions as a preverb Oshiro 1995a:219f., e.g. for the verb /piya-⁽ⁱ⁾/ ‘to give’, whose meaning is thus specified to ‘to dedicate’. Cf. e.g. BABYLON 1, §9: *a-wa/i-tu-tà TONITRUS.HALPA.PA-wa/i-ní (DEUS)TONITRUS-ti-i pa+ra/i-na-´ PRAE-i pi-ia-ha, approx. /a=wa=du=ada Halpawanni Tarhunti parran pari piyahha/, meaning ‘I dedicated them before (the storm-god) Tarhunt of Aleppo’.

[AH.B.]

1. /pariyan/

2. /parihha/

3. /parran/

4. /parranihha/

The lexeme occurs in the Puriyanni ritual and ritual fragments of unknown assignment (from MS onwards).

[E.R.]

Appurtenance of ⸢pa-ri-i⸣-i[a- at KBo 29.28, 12’ unclear; on account of the spelling with plene -a-, pa-a-ri at KUB 35.133 iv 13’ probably does not belong here.

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

[E.R.]

Based on the preverbial function to modify the verbs *padd-/patz-, tarrawa-, and wiš(a)i-, now known to mean ‘to carry’, ‘to establish, institute’, and ‘to emerge, appear’, Laroche 1958b:183 and DLL:78 concluded that parī is the functional equivalent of Hitt. parā ‘out, forth’ with directional meaning in spite of its dat./loc. -ī, but in accordance with the semantics of HLuw. /pari/ ‘before, out, forth’ and Lyc. pri. Melchert (in CLL:168) also adduced the combination with šā-⁽ⁱ⁾ ‘to release, let go’. The translation is generally accepted, see HHw:s.v., HEG P:433, 460, HED PA:108f., EDHIL:630, Dunkel 2014a:7, Boroday & Yakubovich 2018a:15.

[E.R.]

1. ^mPariya-muwa (HEG P:434 with further references)

2. ^mPari-ziti (HEG P:434 with further references)

3. ^mIšta-pariya (HEG P:434 with further references)

4. pariyan

5. parran

6. pariššā-

1. pariyanalla/i-

2. parittarwalli(ya)-

3. parittaruwāšša-

This lexeme is found in various decree inscriptions, one of which can be dated to the reign of Arbinas (N 324; beginning of the 4th century BCE), as well as on the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.).

[D.S.]

The word pri was recognized early as some kind of adposition related to przze/i- ‘first, front’, and, through an equation with CLuw. pāri, it has been suggested that Lycian pri means ‘forth, in front’ (Houwink ten Cate 1965a:22f., DLL:51, Neumann 2007a:281, Gehrisch 2018a:73). In N 324 and N 337, pri appears at the beginning of a sentence followed by the particle =de. Since both passages are fragmentary, it is not possible to verify its meaning. Concerning the attestation of TL 44b, the obscurity of the passage makes it difficult to analyze pri in any way and, thus, more evidence is needed. While pri is clearly indeclinable, its status as either an adverb, a preverb, or a pre-/postposition remains unclear.

[D.S.]

1. przze/i-

2. przzidi(je)-

This lexeme is found in the inscription of the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-99a:19f.), and once in the poetical inscription engraved on the lion sarcophagus of Antiphellos, dated on stylistic grounds to the beginning of the 4^th century BCE (Zahle 1979a:318, Mühlbauer 2007a:91).

[D.S.]

Different word divisions in Gehrisch 2018a:94, 107.

[D.S.]

Lycian B pri matches without a doubt Lycian A pri. Shevoroshkin 2002b:148 (followed by Schürr 2005a:147, Schürr 2012a:115f.) sees pri=pe in TL 55.3 as an adverb contrasting with epñ and translates it as ‘first’. While this is entirely possible, it is still difficult to prove it contextually. In TL 44d, though, it seems to function as a preverb, i.e. prij=asxxa ‘I made (iter.) …’. Therefore, it is advisable to consider the semantic assignment of pri tentative, especially since the adpositional base does not necessarily have the same semantics as the derivative przze/i- ‘first, front’. More evidence is needed.

[D.S.]

The Lydian word pλ corresponding to CLuw. parī ‘forth, away’ (Yakubovich 2017b:284 n. 19, followed by Sasseville 2021e is found mainly in univerbations, e.g. fapaλkol, pλašo- and pλeša- and in one word interpreted as a derivative, see below.

[D.S.]

1. pλtarwo-

1. parāi-

CHD P:109-130