/parihha/, pa+ra/i-i-ha
‘over from’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- adv
- ID
- 2729
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/parihha/, pa+ra/i-i-ha
‘over from’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested three times, in two inscriptions from Karkamiš and Tabal. The attestations date between the 10th and second half of the 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| indecl. | /parihha/ | pa+ra/i-i-ha-a | KARKAMIŠ A1, §10 (Karkamiš) |
| /parihha/ | pa+ra/i-ha-’ | KARKAMIŠ A1, §7 (Karkamiš) | |
| /parihha/ | PRAE-i-ha | BULGARMADEN, §6 (Tabal) |
Goedegebuure 2010b:82f. analyses the two occurrences in KARKAMIŠ A1, §7 and §10 as /appari=ha/ ‘and/also afterwards’, because their additional 〈a〉 (sign *450) at the end may reflect an initial-a-final (cf. Hawkins 2003b:159-161) and they do not involve the use of the logogram PRAE. Her analysis is entirely possible, but cannot be proven on the basis of the currently available data. Future finds may result in a reappraisal, but to the time being, the KARKAMIŠ A1 occurrences are included here.
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this lexeme is reasonably certain; it was first identified by Yakubovich 2012a:331 in the context of the attestation in BULGARMADEN, §6. Not only is it part of the word family around /pri/ ‘before, out, forth’, but it is also attested twice in fully syllabic spelling. Furthermore, the plene spelling in 〈pa+ra/i-i-ha-a〉 (KARKAMIŠ A1, §10) makes obvious that the otherwise vocalically underspecified sign 〈+ra/i〉 should be understood as /i/ in this case.
It is possible, though not provable, that the word should be read /prihha/.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
Along with identifying the lexeme as a compound of /pari/ ‘before, out, forth’ and /ahha/ ‘away, back’, Yakubovich 2012a:331 first suggested a translation as ‘forth and out’ for the passage in BULGARMADEN, §6: a-wa/i REGIO-ni PRAE-i-ha zí-ra/i-la-mi-i (“SCALPRUM.ARGENTUM”)su-ha-pa-na-ti ta-ta-ha á-mi-ti IUSTITIA-na-ti á-mi-ia-ti-ha-a ha-tà-sà-tara/i-ma-ti, approx. /a=wa wattani parihha zirlami suhhappananti tattahha ammidi tarrawannadi ammiyadi=ha hadastarramadi/, meaning ‘And I stood out on the fruitful? and very rich country by my justice and my vitality’ (cf. Yakubovich 2012a:332 with references).
In KARKAMIŠ A1, the word occurs in §7 and §10, but only the context of §10 is fully preserved, thereby permitting an interpretation: *a-wa/i-tú pa+ra/i-i-ha-a (SCALPRUM.PONERE2)u-pa-ní-na (CAPERE2)u-pa-ha, approx. /a=wa=du parrihha uppanin ubahha/, ‘(I destroyed the city Alattahana), and I brought a trophy over from it, (and to him (scil. a god) I gave a ninth share)’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:88, Sasseville 2021a:363f.).Due to her different analysis of the word as /appari=ha/, Goedegebuure 2010b:82f. translates §10 as ‘(And I completely destroyed the city Alatahana.) Afterwards I brought the spoils to him as well, (and I gave him a ninth (share))’.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The word is a compound of the two adverbs /pari/ ‘before. out, forth’ and /ahha/ ‘away, back’ (Yakubovich 2012a:331), comparable to a number of other like compounds, e.g. /sarrahha/ ‘up from’. That /ahha/ surfaces as /ihha/ here is not unexpected and likely results from syncopation of an earlier */pariyahha/.The analysis of /parihha/ as /pari=ha/, as still followed e.g. in Melchert 2004a:372 n. 10, is void.
[AH.B.]