*sḗr, séri

The word may possibly be attested; see the table of HLuw. /sarra/.

[AH.B.]

1. /sarla/i-/
2. /sarli/
3. /sarlaya/
4. /sarladi/
5. /sarlada/
6. /sarlahid-/
7. /sarl(a)i-^(di)/
8. /sarlatt(a)-/
9. /sasarla-⁽ⁱ⁾/

This lexeme is attested in various Luwian rituals.

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.*

[E.R.]

Assuming an etymological connection of šarra and šarri with Hitt. šarā ‘up, (up)on’ and šēr ‘on, above’, Otten 1953a:71 already envisaged the function of a local adverb for šarri. The superpositional meaning was taken over in cf. DLL:86, Laroche 1958b:178 (with contextual analysis), Laroche 1959c:297, HW:426, Kronasser 1966a:353, CLL:190, Starke 1990a:281, 299, Oettinger 2000b:185f., HHw:145, EDHIL:729, Yakubovich 2010b:380f., HEG Š:859, HED SA:155, Boroday & Yakubovich 2018a:16, Yakubovich & Mouton 2023a:419. Melchert (DCL:s.v.) considers the possibility that, in the phrase wanatiyatiya šarri mammalḫunni (KBo 29.16 ii^? 3’, 4’), šarri conveys the same metaphor as Hitt. šēr, viz. ‘for (the sake of)’. However, Yakubovich & Mouton 2023a:290f. translate more plausibly “we are breaking [...] above [her ge]nitalia” (ibid. 4’) with concrete semantics in a performative speech act.

[E.R.]

The form šarri is indeclinable. See also CLuw. šarra.

[E.R.]

1. šarriwašpa-

1. šarla/i-
2. šarlā(i)-^(mi)
3. šarla-
4. šarl[a-
5. šarlātt(a)-
6. šarlamiš-

*The forms in the table were checked together with Marian Wehrstein.

This lexeme is attested several times across a variety of Lycian inscription, including N 320, i.e. the Letoon trilingual inscription, most commonly dated to 337 BCE, the first year of the Achaemenid king Arses, during the reign of the Carian satrap Pixodaros (Badian 1977a:49f, Bryce 1986a:48f, Keen 1998a:10, Wagner 2011a:156).

[O.B.]

The meaning ‘up, on (top) (vel sim.)’ for Lyc. A hri is consensual ever since the end of the 19^th century (thus in e.g. Thomsen 1899a:12, Meriggi 1936b:276, Pedersen 1945a:24, Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1993a:59f., Cau 2003b:52 n. 5, DLL:24, HEG S/1:857, Neumann 2007a:97, EDHIL:729, Adiego 2012a:96, Schürr 2012c:6f., Shevoroshkin 2012a:480, Yakubovich 2013b:158, Christiansen 2020a:237f.). The function is equivalent to Hitt. šēr and CLuw. šarri, the latter of which is a direct cognate (Laroche 1958b:180).

Lyc. A hri can be used as an adverb, an adposition or a preverb (with the verbs alaha-^(di), eruwe-^(ti), tube-^(di), xla(i)-^(di)).

[O.B.]

1. hriqla-
2. hrixñtawata-
3. hrppi
4. Hrixm͂ma- (PN) (Neumann 2007a:98f.)
5. Hrixttbili- (PN) (Neumann 2007a:99)

1. hrihe-
2. hrzze/i-

1. zriqala-

1. serije-^(ti)

The word is reconstructed from an onomastic element widely attested in both Caria (Mylasa; on the probable Egyptian origin of C.xx 1 see the refs. s.v. san) and Egypt (Abydos, Gebel Sheik Suleiman, Luxor, Memphis, and Sais), on dedicatory, official, and tomb inscriptions as well as graffiti, at least between the early 6^th c. and the end of the 5^th c. (based on the dates of E.SS 1, the Memphis stelae suggested by Kammerzell 1993a:169, 171 [E.Me 12, E.Me 30, E.Me 44, and E.Me 43], Σαρυσσωλλος from c. 465-450 [LGPN V.B:379], and the Abydos graffiti [Adiego 2007a:31f.]; E.Sa 1 belongs to the Saito-Persian period, i.e. 664-332 [O. Masson & Yoyotte 1956a:49], Σαρυσωλλος is dated to the 5^th/4^th c., while Σαρυασσις to 354 [with question mark, LGPN V.B:379]; note that the date of C.My 1, E.Lu 2, and E.Me 56 is unknown and that the 6^th c. date of C.xx 1 is not assured [Gusmani 1978c:67, not “late 6th – 5th century BC”, contra Adiego 2019a:32]). Some of these names are attested in Egyptian (Š3rkbym, E.Sa 1) and Greek spelling (Σαρυασσις, Σαρυσ(σ)ωλλος (LGPN V.B:379) as well.

[Zs.S.]

Uncertain:

The attestations follow Adiego 2007a:416–418, 419f. (for the reading š^?rquq see Adiego 2007a:106f.; on the plausible restorations šark[bi/jom …^?] and ša[ru]śoλ see Adiego 2007a:75, 91), with the addition of Šarur, which presumably contains šar and *ur vel sim. ‘great’ (see s.v. *urom > *u/wrm), checked with the available photographs (Blümel & Kızıl 2004a:132 [C.My 1]; Gusmani 1978c:Tafel I & II [C.xx 1]; O. Masson & Yoyotte 1956a:Pl. VI [E.Sa 1], Pl. IX [E.Me 3]; O. Masson 1978a:Pl. IX [E.Me 20], Pl. XIV [E.Me 30], Pl. XX [E.Me 43, 44], Pl. XXV [E.Me 56]; no photos are available in the case of E.Ab 6, E.Ab 30, 27, 42, E.Lu 2, and E.SS 1).

If šaruś in E.Ab 42 is complete, then it does not belong here, but as Adiego 2007a:418 rightly pointed out, it is possible that we are dealing with an incomplete attestation of šaruśoλ. It is unknown whether also the personal names Šarnai/j, Šarnw, and Šarpt (Adiego 2007a:417) and the sequence šrbḳ[-]sal in E.Th 49 (Adiego 2007a:419) contain this word.

Contra Adiego 2007a:340, the word ša must be separated (see s.v.), since there is no regular way to explain the formal difference (cf. Simon 2017g:120).

It is unclear whether šar became šr (Melchert 2002b:306; Simon 2008b:460) or šr became šar (Hajnal 1998a:94; Adiego 2007a:261, Adiego 2019c:117f.). Although Melchert’s and Simon’s explanation (palatalisation of *s by *e) is phonologically more straightforward than that of Hajnal and Adiego (palatalisation of *s by r), this alternation is part of a larger problem (vowel / zero alternations within Carian), and thus, it requires further research.

[Zs.S.]

There is general agreement regarding the meaning of this word based on quasi-homonymous Luwic words since the proposal of Adiego 1993b:242 (cf. also Adiego 2007a:340, 417) and Neumann 1994a:21 (followed by Hajnal 1998a:94; Melchert 2002b:306, Melchert 2013c:40; and Simon 2008b:460).

[Zs.S.]

1. šarištros(i)-

1. šerl(i)-
2. šarloki-^(d)

This word is found twice in a mythical passage pertaining to the festival for the Palaic pantheon.

[D.S.]

Checked against the photograph in the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv).

[D.S.]

The meaning of šer is deduced from the comparison with Hitt. šēr ‘above, on’. The phrase šer=šan… nepiši ‘up there in the sky’ or ‘over the sky’ can be easily understood from a Hittite perspective.

[D.S.]

CHD Š:400-436, Brosch 2014b:161-168