eruwe-^(ti)

This hapax is attested on the grave inscription of TL 107 in Limyra.

[O.B.]

3sg. pres. act.

eruweti

TL 107a.2 (Limyra)

Lyc. eruwe-^(ti) occurs in a relative clause within a sentence containing many words of unknown semantics, directly preceded by information concerning the identity of the buried individuals: hrij eruweti=ti : epñ ebtte : ebei=(i)je : lawitẽnu : munikleimẽ : se ki[ri]numezẽ : se=te ni d[d]ezedu : tike ‘(s)he who e. upon these afterwards (?), may he l. the m. and the k. and may he not d. anyone/anything’. The person who does eruwe is consequently an individual who must observe some custom in conjunction with his/her action. According to Yakubovich 2019b, lawitẽnu should be connected to a Lydian verbal root lo-/law- ‘to respect, revere’, thus perhaps ‘[…] may he respect the m. and k.-payments’ (see Lyc. A lawi- ‘to respect (?)’). The clause with ddeze-^(di) cannot be elucidated further at present – it evidently refers to a prohibited action on account of the negated imperative.

There are two current competing plausible semantic analyses of Lyc. eruwe-^(ti). The first is to connect the verb to the Luw. /aru-/ ‘high’ and postulate a meaning ‘raise, expand’ (Schürr 2005a:150f., Frotscher 2012a:165, Sasseville 2021a:382 and tentatively Melchert DLL:17 ‘raise’). Given that HLuw. /aruwaru(wa)-⁽ⁱ⁾/ ‘to erect (?)’ takes buildings as its direct object, we could assume the same implicit meaning in the Lycian verb, thus ‘to raise, expand (of buildings)’. The sentence given above would thus stipulate the responsibilities of the person making later architectural changes to the grave.

The second analysis follows Hajnal 1995a:161 n. 177. Hajnal 1995a provides the meaning ‘Ehrung vollbringen’ (tentatively also in DLL:17 ‘exalt’). In the context above, the stipulations would thus refer to the person honoring the grave and its owners.

The context does not allow for excluding any of the aforementioned proposals. Depending on the meaning of the objects of lawitẽnu, ‘to raise, expand’ may be slightly more likely. Provided the objects refer to payments, it is more readily acceptable that any alterations to the grave and its surroundings, rather than showing reverence to the grave’s owners, should incur a charge. With regards to etymology, Sasseville 2021a:382 argues that the verb is directly cognate to HLuw. /aruwaru(wa)-⁽ⁱ⁾/ ‘to erect (?)’, which is coherent if the Luwian verb is ḫi-conjugating (see Sasseville 2021a:337f. with further references). Hajnal 1995a rather connects eruwe-^(ti) to Hitt. aruwā(i)- ^(mi) ‘to bow’. Consequently, Hajnal 1995a’s interpretation hinges on whether Hittite verbal stems in -ā(i)-^(mi) can be etymologically equated to Lycian stems in -e-^(ti). This issue becomes deciding in the interpretation of eruwe-^(ti), due to the lack of other conclusive evidence. Since the etymological connection to HLuw. /aruwaru(wa)-⁽ⁱ⁾/ is arguably more straightforward (see Stem), the interpretation of Schürr 2005a and Sasseville 2021a is given slight credence here on comparative grounds.

[O.B.]

Lyc. eruwe-^(ti) is an e-stem and takes unlenited endings. Provided that Luw. /aruwaru(wa)-/ is ḫi-conjugating, eruwe-^(ti) is analyzable as a secondarily unleniting e-stem from a radical verb of a neo-root with *-u-, since radical Luwian stems in -a-⁽ⁱ⁾ regularly correspond to Lycian stems in -e-^(ti) (Morpurgo Davies 1982-1983a:263-265, Sasseville 2021a:382, contra Frotscher 2012a:165-166, who rather connects Lyc. eruwe-^(ti) directly to Hitt. arāi-/-i(ya)-^(ḫi) ‘to arise’). The same root would in this case be underlying the Luwian adjective /aru-/ ‘high’ and further derivatives thereof.

According to Hajnal 1995a:161 n. 177, Lyc. eruwe-^(ti) is best seen as continuing a denominative stem in *-i̯é/ó-, cognate with Hitt. aruwā(i)-^(mi) ‘to bow’. This would entail that Hittite stems in -ā(i)-^(mi) can correspond to Lycian stems in -e-^(ti). However, there is no independent precedent for this equation. In either case a connection to the same root underlying Luw. /aru-/ ‘high’ could be maintained formally speaking.

[O.B.]

For the lemma head see Lyc. *eru-.