*srṓ

The lexeme is attested 49 times. As one of the basic adverbs, it can be found in most HLuw. regions, excluding only the far west and north. Its temporal distribution is similarly broad, with the earliest texts dating to the 12^th century BCE and the latest to around 800 BCE.

[AH.B.]

The above table does not list all 49 occurrences of the adverb. Instead, attestations have been chosen so as to illustrate the different spellings found in the corpus, as well as the geographical and temporal distribution of the word. Doubtful and partially lost attestations have been omitted.

The sign shape attested for the logogram in KARAHÖYÜK (ELBİSTAN), §4 is somewhat unusual, but was identified as SUPER by Nowicki 1981a:256f.

Yakubovich 2012a:323 points out that it is not entirely clear if HLuw. follows the same pattern as CLuw. and has both /sarra/ and /sarri/, which in CLuw. differ in meaning: ‘on, up’ vs. ‘up, above, for’. The HLuw. spelling system does not permit to distinguish between the two forms reliably due to the vocalically underspecified sign 〈ra/i〉, unless the vowel signs 〈a〉 and 〈i〉 respectively are added for clarification; yet such is the case in about half the attestations while the others remain orthographically ambiguous. The two words, if extant in HLuw., would hence have to be distinguished by their meaning in their contexts of attestation, which is only rarely possible. The table above therefore includes all forms, bearing in mind that some may represent /sarri/ instead of /sarra/ and that they may differ semantically.

[AH.B.]

The meaning of this word has long been clear and is borne out by the contextual and etymological evidence, see already Bossert 1953a:322f., 334 and Laroche 1960c:43f.Some earlier interpretations mistakenly associated it with Hittite anda ‘in(to)’, see e.g. Meriggi 1934a:94, but later rectified in HHG:192. Like most adverbs, /sarra/ is used in different functions, i.e. as a clausal adverb, but also as a postposition after dat./loc.-marked nouns, and as a preverb (thus cf. e.g. Herrmann, van den Hout & Beyazlar 2016a:63).Schürr 2013d:276 highlights the use of the morpheme /sar-/ in personal names throughout Anatolia.

[AH.B.]

The adverb continues an old allative just like CLuw. šarra ‘on, up’ and Hittite šarā ‘up; above’, cf. e.g. EDHIL:729f., but the paradigm has long since been defunct. The word as well as its own root /sar-/ provides the basis for a host of other formations, see under Derivatives below, including many personal and other names.

[AH.B.]

1. /sarranta/
2. /sarrahha/

The attestations of the lexeme are widely strewn across the Luwian corpus (from MS onwards).

[E.R.]

The alleged attestation of a prepositional function (šarra zātī pūwandu) suggested by Laroche (DLL:85, followed in HHw:144, EDHIL:729, HED ŠA:154) must be analyzed differently, since zātī is now known to be an adverb meaning ‘in this way’ (not a dat./loc. sg. of zā-/zī- ‘this (one)’); cf. Yakubovich & Mouton 2023a:116f., 419 translating ‘to snatch up in this way’.

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.*

[E.R.]

The etymological connection of šarra and šarri with Hitt. šarā ‘up, (up)on’ and šēr ‘on, above’ was already recognized by Otten 1953a:71. Although he did not offer a translation, subsequent scholarship accepted the comparison and the notion of superposition; cf. DLL:85, Laroche 1958b:178 (with contextual analysis), Laroche 1959c:297, HW:426, Kronasser 1966a:353, CLL:189, Starke 1990a:281, Oettinger 2000b:185f., HHw:144, EDHIL:729, HEG Š:856, HED SA:155, Boroday & Yakubovich 2018a:16, Yakubovich & Mouton 2023a:419, DCL:s.v. However, šarra and šarri were not always fully distinguished (e.g., Starke 1990a:281, HEG Š:856). In most attestations, šarra functions as preverb, occurring with CLuw. pu-^(di) ‘to hold (up)’, lā-⁽ⁱ⁾ ‘to take (up)’, and tarši-^(ti) ‘to trample upon’, whereas Ištanuwa Luwian (KUB 32.13 i 11’) shows an adverbial use in the description of the Sun-god’s location (see also under Forms for the alleged prepositional construction, now outdated).

[E.R.]

The form šarra is indeclinable.

[E.R.]

*The forms in the table were checked together with Marian Wehrstein.

Within the Hittite corpus, Luw. šarra occurs only once in a medical omen text.

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

[E.R.]

Giusfredi & Pisaniello 2021a:272-274 point to an isolated case where Luw. šarra takes the place of Hitt. šarā in a Hittite context: […] auliš šarra tarru artari “the auli- stands up firmly” (KBo 9.49 obv.? 14’; see also CHD Š:238). The meaning fully conforms with that of šarra in Cuneiform Luwian context. The two scholars explain the exceptional use of šarra as the reflex of “a less controlled language” in the omen text, resulting from an occasional code-switching or from borrowing of grammatical words that are not normally taken over in the standard language of official documents (Giusfredi & Pisaniello 2021a:274 and Giusfredi, Matessi & Pisaniello 2023a:394).

[E.R.]

The lexeme is indeclinable.

[E.R.]

For the Luwian origin, see Giusfredi & Pisaniello 2021a:274 and Giusfredi, Matessi & Pisaniello 2023a:394, based on the identity with CLuw. šarra.

[E.R.]

CHD Š:210-228, Brosch 2014b:161-168