/hastali(ya)-/, HEROS-li-
‘heroic, of the hero’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- adj
- ID
- 2649
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/hastali(ya)-/, HEROS-li-
‘heroic, of the hero’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested 27 times in inscriptions from the Hittite Empire to the Neo-Hittite states of Tabal, Maraş, Malatya and Karkamiš, dating from the Empire period to the late 8th or early 7th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom. sg. c. | /hastalis/ | HEROS-li-i-sa | BOHÇA, §1 (Tabal) |
| HEROS-li-i-sá | SULTANHAN, §1 (Tabal) | ||
| HEROS-ti-i-sá | BULGARMADEN, §1 (Tabal) | ||
| HEROS-li-sa | MARAŞ 1, §1c (Maraş) | ||
| TOPADA, §1 (Tabal) | |||
| HEROS-li-sà | MARAŞ 1, §1f (Maraş) | ||
| HEROS-ti-sa | NİGDE 2, l. 4 (Tabal) | ||
| HEROS-sa | MARAŞ 14, §1 (Maraş) | ||
| KAYSERİ, §1 (Tabal) | |||
| HEROS-sá | ŞIRZI, § 1 (Malatya) | ||
| HEROS-sa4 | SUVASA B (Tabal) | ||
| HEROS | KARKAMIŠ A4b, §1 (Karkamiš) | ||
| KARKAMIŠ N1, §1 (Karkamiš) | |||
| ADANA, §1b (Karkamiš) | |||
| GÜRÜN, §1b (Malatya) | |||
| İSPEKCÜR, §1 (Malatya) | |||
| MALATYA 1 (Malatya) | |||
| KIZILDAĞ 3 (Tabal) | |||
| KIZILDAĞ 4, §1 (Tabal) | |||
| YALBURT fr. 1, §1 (twice) (Konya) | |||
| nom. sg. n. | /hastaliyanza/ | HEROS | İVRİZ 1, §3 (Tabal) |
Broken attestations have been excluded from the above table.
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this lexeme is reasonably clear despite a lack of fully syllabic spellings and much of the paradigm. It relies on the shape assumed for its derivational base /hastal(i)-/ ‘hero’, and the suffix /-i(ya)-/ is known well enough from many other lexemes to be posited here with sufficient certainty.
The infrequent use of 〈ti〉 instead of 〈li〉 (thus in BULGARMADEN, §1 and NİGDE 2, l. 4, dating to the late 8th or early 7th century BCE) is very probably to be attributed to the rhotacism that caused intervocalic /d/ and /l/ to merge with /r/, resulting in a number of hypercorrect spellings in later inscriptions (cf. e.g. Melchert 2003b:179-182). It also proves that the suffix has a single /-l-/ (see Sasseville 2021e) as expected from the Hittite evidence; geminate /ll/ would not be subject to rhotacism.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The assigned meaning is based on the morphological structure of the word as an adjective of appurtenance derived from the noun /hastal(i)-/ ‘hero’, as well as the interpretation of its contexts of attestation. An honorary title, the adjective typically appears in the introductory passages of inscriptions where the authors detail their genealogy, thus e.g. extensively in MARAŞ 1, §1f: Imu-wa/i-zi-si HEROS-li-sà (INFANS)na-wa/i-na-wa/i-sá, approx. /Muwizisi hastallis nawanawas/, meaning ‘the hero Muwizi’s great-great-great-grandson’, in which both the name /Muwizi/ and the title /hastali(ya)-/ are modifiers for the following kinship term /nawanaw(a)-/. The proper name shows a gen. sg. ending, whereas the title ‘hero’ has been derived into an adjective and thus inflects for the nom. sg. in agreement with the noun it modifies.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The word derives from the nominal base /hastal(i)-/ ‘hero’ and is formed with aid of the suffix /-i(ya)-/, which is used to build adjectives of appurtenance (cf. e.g. Melchert 2003b:197). The forms undergo i-mutation, although that is not visible in the attested forms due to a heavy reliance on logographic spelling.
[AH.B.]
For the derivational base see HLuw. /hastal(i)-/.