/tarrawanna(/i)-/, (IUSTITIA)tara/i-wa/i-ni-
‘justice, loyalty’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 1999
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/tarrawanna(/i)-/, (IUSTITIA)tara/i-wa/i-ni-
‘justice, loyalty’1.1.1Transmission
Attested 18 times, this noun can be found in inscriptions from the south (Tabal and Cilicia), the east (Karkamiš and Maraş), and the far south (Amuq and Hama) of the HLuw. area. Attestations cover most of the Iron Age Luwian era from the 10th to the early 7th century BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
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acc. sg. |
/tarrawanna/in/ |
(IUSTITIA)TARA/I-na |
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“IUSTITIA”-na |
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abl./instr. |
/tarrawannadi/ |
(IUSTITIA)tara/i-wa/i-na-ti |
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“IUSTITIA”-wa/i-na-ti |
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“IUSTITIA”-na-ti |
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IUSTITIA-na-ti |
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“IUSTITIA”-ti-i |
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IUSTITIA[-x]-ti-i |
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(“IUSTITIA”)tara/i-wa/i-na+ra/i |
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IUSTITIA-na-ri+i-i |
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IUSTITIA-na-ri+i |
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/tarrawannidi/ |
〈“〉IUSTITIA”-wa/i-ní-ti |
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“IUSTITIA”-ni-ti-i |
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/tarraunnadi/ |
tara/i-u-na-ti |
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unknown |
IUSTITIA-[...]-ni[ ... |
The transliteration of ARSUZ 1, §2 as (IUSTITIA)TARA/I-na differs from the one used in the editio princeps (Dinçol, Dinçol, Hawkins, Peker & Öztan 2015a:64), which does not treat the sign 〈tara/i〉 as a phonetic indicator, thereby implying an unsubstantiated shortening of the word instead of an abbreviated spelling.
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
Widely attested in different spelling combinations, the phonological interpretation of this word can be seen as reasonably certain, not least because it belongs to a family of words in HLuw., see the adjective /tarrawann(i)-/ ‘just, loyal’ and the discussion of its shape there. It should be noted that the spelling variants cover almost the entire breadth of what is possible in HLuw., viz. from fully syllabic renditions with and without a logographic determiner down to partially syllabic spellings covering not much more than the case ending. The present interpretation as /tarrawann(i)-/ has most recently been vindicated by Melchert 2019a:343f. for both the noun as well as the adjective of the same shape.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this lexeme was first tentatively suggested by Bossert 1949a:107, supported by the evidence from the Phoenician version of the bilingual inscription from Karatepe, which uses the word ṣdq ‘justice’, cf. Pintore 1979a:474f. From the contexts, the abstract sense of the word has long been clear, and it typically appears in the abl./instr. expressing /tarrawanna(/i)-/ as an attribute bestowed or cherished by various deities. Already Pintore 1979a:476f. notes that teasing apart the present substantival lexeme and the adjective of the same shape can be challenging in some cases.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The two distinct acc. sg. forms show that the lexeme is a common gender noun; a neuter would be marked by the neuter particle /-sa, -za/. Although the acc. sg. attestations use syllabic spelling only for the final consonant of the forms and therefore do not show if the ending is /°in/ or /°an/, it is nevertheless likely that the word underwent i-mutation. In fact, this is hinted at in the abl./instr. forms, which vary between /-idi/ and /-adi/ including rhotacized variants, thus showing the typical intrusion of i-mutated forms into cases beyond the nom. and acc. sg. and pl. (cf. Melchert 2019a:343).
[AH.B.]
For the base, see HLuw. /tarrawann(i)-/.