*ku̯olā́-
‘precinct’
- Language
- Proto-Lycian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 1183
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lycian A
qla-
‘precinct’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is well attested across the entire Lycian corpus.
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom. sg. | qla | TL 44b.13 (Xanthos) |
| TL 84.3 (Sura) | ||
| q[l]a | TL 75.5 (Tyberissos) | |
| acc. sg. | qlã | TL 44b.61 (Xanthos) |
| TL 44c.12 (Xanthos) | ||
| loc. sg. | qla | TL 26.8 (Tlos) |
| TL 26.17 (Tlos) | ||
| TL 26.18 (Tlos) | ||
| TL 40c.4 (Xanthos) | ||
| TL 44b.48 (Xanthos) | ||
| TL 84.7 (Sura) | ||
| TL 109.6 (Limyra) | ||
| ql(a) | TL 111.3 (Limyra) | |
| [q]la | TL 65.19 (Isinda) | |
| gen. adj. nom. sg. c. | qlahi | TL 56.4 (Antiphellos) |
| TL 65.24 (Isinda) | ||
| TL 94.3 (Myra) | ||
| TL 131.4 (Limyra) | ||
| qla[h]i | TL 110.4 (Limyra) | |
| gen. adj. dat./loc. sg. c. | qlahi | TL 44c.7 (Xanthos) |
| TL 102.3 (Limyra) | ||
| TL 131.3 (Limyra) | ||
| N 320.38 (Xanthos) | ||
| q[lahi] | TL 111.5 (Limyra) | |
| gen. adj. case unknown | qlahi | TL 26.24 (Tlos) |
| TL 145.4 (Limyra) | ||
| q̣ḷahi | TL 112.6 (Limyra) |
1.1.3Meaning
On contextual ground, Laroche 1960a:183 suggests the meaning ‘precinct’ for qla- (accepted by DLL:55, Neumann 2007a:302f.): it is used often with the phrase ẽni qlahi ebijehi ‘the mother of the local qla’ and also with the phrase telẽzijehi qla- ‘a military qla’ referring to a place where troops are stationed, which make the semantics assignment of Laroche adequate. Schürr 2016a:179 argues that the expression ẽni qlahi ebijehi refers to the precinct of the Letoon, in which a temple of Leto is accompanied by the two temples of her two children, Artemis and Apollo. Therefore, the “local precinct” implied in the particular case would be the Letoon of Xanthos. Further evidence can be drawn from the compounds and derivatives; see below. For a summary of the outdated hypotheses see Neumann 2007a:ibid.
[D.S.]
1.1.4Compounds
1.2 Lycian B
qala-
‘precinct’1.2.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested in Lycian B both as a simplex and as a compound.
[D.S.]
1.2.2Forms
| dat./loc.? sg. | qelei | TL 55.8 (Antiphellos) |
| qlei | TL 55.5 (Antiphellos) | |
| dat./loc. pl. | qle | TL 44c.60 (Xanthos) |
The assignment of qlei as dat. sg. of qala- is suggested tentatively by Melchert (DLL:127) due to the rare instances of a dative singular in -ei. We equate further the lexeme qelei with preservation of the root vowel to qlei (thus also Schürr 2016d:169); cf. qle vs. zriqali. However, it is not impossible that it represents a derivative in -a/ei(je)-, i.e. qelei(je)- in the dative singular, i.e. q(e)lei.Differently Hajnal 1995a:230 takes -ei as nominative plural ending, which makes grammatically no sense in the contexts of TL 55.5 and 8. Therefore, the assignment of q(e)lei to this lexeme is uncertain. One should also compare the word qelehi in Lyc. A and the second member of the personal name zuwiqeli, both of which indicate the existence of a lexeme qele(/i)-.
[D.S.]
1.2.3Meaning
Melchert (DLL:127) suggests taking the word qle as a dat./loc. pl. of the Lyc. A noun qla- ‘precinct’ (followed by Neumann 2007a:303, which makes sense in the context, because qle refers to places, where something is being driven: kize qle pẽniu tubedi lebi kudi ‘I drive the lebi with tubedi to any precincts where…’. The semantics are also adequate for the attestation qlei, which refers to a place, where the gods are located: [u]we{:}driz qlei masai!{:}z ‘all the gods in the precinct’ (thus Shevoroshkin 2014a:250). No semantic assignment is suggested by Schürr 2005a:150, Schürr 2016d:169.
[D.S.]
1.2.4Compounds
1.2.5Derivatives
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘precinct’
Laroche 1960a:183 n. 3 suggested an etymological connection between Lyc. A qla- ‘precinct’ and Hitt. ḫila- ‘courtyard’, which was considered difficult on phonological grounds (accepted in Melchert 1994a:285, but considered problematic in DLL:55). This is especially contradicted by the root vowel -a-/-e- in Lyc. B zri-qala and qelei, which cannot come from an original *i. Furthermore, Kloekhorst 2008a:124 has argued that the Lycian letter q represents a labio-velar /ku̯/ going back to the sequence *Hu̯, and Sideltsev & Yakubovich 2016a:121 have argued convincingly that the original labio-velar *ku̯ develops to Lyc. q before back vowels (as opposed to Lyc. A t and Lyc. B k before front vowels). Therefore, Lyc. qla- c. would go back to a pre-form *ku̯oléh2- thus related to the root *ku̯el- ‘to turn’. An etymological connection with Lyd. qela- n. ‘plot of land’ (< *ku̯élo- n.) had already been suggested by Schürr 1997c:129, though without the phonological information.
[D.S.]
For the lemma head see PAnat. *ku̯el-.