/alant-/, LOCUS-la/i-za
‘place’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, n.
- ID
- 2458
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/alant-/, LOCUS-la/i-za
‘place’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested 35 times in inscriptions from Karkamiš, Aleppo, Commagene, Tabal, Tell Ahmar, Maraş, Konya, Malatya, the Amuq and Cilicia dating from the 13th to the early 7th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom./acc. sg. | /alan=za/ | (LOCUS)*a-la/i-za | KARKAMIŠ A29d+i, l.2 (Karkamiš) |
| (“LOCUS”)*a-lá/í-za | BABYLON 1, §13 (Aleppo) | ||
| *a-LOCUS-za | KARKAMIŠ A11a, §24 (Karkamiš) | ||
| á-lá/í-za | BOYBEYPINARI 2, §12 (Commagene) | ||
| LOCUS-la/i-za | ANCOZ 7, §12 (Commagene) | ||
| LOCUS-lá/í-za | SULTANHAN, §43 (Tabal) | ||
| LOCUS-lá/í-za | AKSARAY, §7 (Tabal) | ||
| LOCUS-la/i-zá | KARKAMIŠ A18e, §5 (Karkamiš) | ||
| LOCUS-la/i-z[a?] | HAMA 5, §3 (Hama) | ||
| LOCUS-la/i-z[a] | TELL AHMAR 2, §23 (Tell Ahmar) | ||
| dat./loc. sg. | /alanti/ | LOCUS-lá/í-ti-i | BOHÇA, §13 (Tabal) |
| “LOCUS”-lá/í-ti | MARAŞ 7, side A (Maraş) | ||
| LOCUS-la/i-ti-i-’ | TELL TAYINAT 2, line 1: 1a, § i (Amuq) | ||
| LOCUS-la/i-ti-i | KARKAMIŠ A6, §9 (Karkamiš) | ||
| LOCUS-la/i-ti | KARKAMIŠ A6, §23 (Karkamiš) | ||
| LOCUS-ti | EMİRGAZİ 1B, §33b (Konya) | ||
| nom./acc. pl. | /alanta/ | LOCUS-tá | KARAHÖYÜK, §12 (Malatya) |
| (“LOCUS”)*a-[...] | GÜRÜN, §5 (Malatya) | ||
| dat./loc. pl. | /alantanz/ | (LOCUS)*a-la/i-ta-za | KARATEPE 1 (Hu.), §23 (Cilicia) |
| “LOCUS〈”〉-la/i-ta-za | KARATEPE 1 (Ho.), §23 (Cilicia) |
The above table offers a representative selection, mainly omitting broken attestations.
KARATEPE 1 (Hu.), §23 used to be read 〈LOCUS-la/i-ta-za-a〉, but an initial-a-final reading as in the table above seems to make more sense from a current perspective.
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
Over the years, various suggestions have been made regarding the phonological interpretation of this word, which, for many years, was assumed to be attested mainly logographically. For a long time, it was thought to represent †/pida(n)t-/ vel sim.,First proposed as †/pedant-/ by Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1975a:130 and later adapted by Melchert 2000b:69, EDHIL:672, Rieken & Yakubovich 2010a:210 and others. which could have been a Luwian cognate of Hittite pēda- ‘place’, but newer research has brought to light that the HLuw. word for ‘place’ is etymologically unrelated to its Hittite equivalent. Yakubovich 2017c:5-7 shows that several attested spellings hint at a shape /al(l)Vnt-/, and that the HLuw. corpus does contain any fully syllabic renditions after all, cf. the table above. He decides in favour of /ll/ over /l/ based on the lack of rhotacized spellings; however, it should be noted that the derived /alantall(i)-/ ‘precinct’ is once spelt 〈“DOMUS-LOCUS”-tà-ta-la-si-[…]〉 (KAYSERİ, §2a), i.e. /adantallassin/, with a hypercorrectly applied 〈tà〉 (which may represent /da/ and /di/, see Simon 2019f:330f.) in the typical fashion of rhotacism (cf. Melchert 2003b:179-182). It therefore seems advisable to assign the shape /alant-/ to the present word.Considering two more attestation, Oreshko 2019a:90 proposes the shape /alad-/ for the present word; for the additional forms see HLuw. /alada-/ ‘place’. The use of the signs 〈la/i, lá/í〉 (*319 and *172) instead of any of the signs LA or LI leaves open the quality of the second vowel, and the word may hence be /alint-/ rather than /alant-/.
The overwhelming majority of attestations include the logogram LOCUS (sign *201) in their spelling, signifying a meaning from the domain earth, cf. Laroche 1960c:111. Other words using the same logogram are e.g. the HLuw. noun /taskwar(i)-/ ‘earth’ (where it is read: TERRA) and verb HLuw. /aliya-/ ‘to bury’.
[AH.B.] [A.P.]
1.1.4Meaning
In contrast to its phonology, the meaning of this word has been clear for a considerable time due to its use of the logogram LOCUS/TERRA (see Laroche 1960c:109-111) and because it occurs in the bilingual KARATEPE 1 inscription. Bossert 1949a:91, 114 translated it as ‘places’ (“Plätze”) in the context of KARATEPE 1, §23 both versions, where it equates to Phoenician b-mqmm ‘those places’.It should be noted, however, that Bossert 1949a was not yet able to distinguish reliably between the different nouns that use the same logogram. While the etymological connections are not as clear-cut,Yakubovich 2017c:13f. addresses the issue of /rl/ in the adduced CLuw. ārlanu(wa)-(i) ‘to replace’ vs. /ll/ in HLuw. /al(l)ant-/ ‘place’. the contexts easily support the assigned meaning. Thus, e.g. ADIYAMAN 1, §5 represents one of several similarly worded passages as part of the protases of curse formulae: ni-pa-wa/i-tá LOCUS-la/i-za (SA4)sa-ni-ti, approx. /niba=wa=tta alant=za sanidi/, meaning ‘Or if he removes this place’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:345, Yakubovich 2017c:6).Contra previous interpretations, the form likely represents the direct object here.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The word is a noun built with the individualising suffix /-ant-/, see Melchert 2000b:69.Note that, at the time, it was still thought that the derivational basis would be cognate with Hittite pēda- ‘place’. The changed view regarding etymological connections does not impact the analysis of the suffix, however. For a derivational basis, Yakubovich 2017c:10-14 adduces an otherwise unattested */arla-/ with a derivative in CLuw. ārlanu(wa)-(i) ‘to replace’ as well as Lyd. arlil(i)- ‘belonging to a household, homestead’.
It should be noted, though, that the total lack of any hint of /r/ in the HLuw. attestation for any member of the word family poses a problem, see the discussion in Yakubovich 2017c:13f., and future research may result in a new etymological analysis.
[AH.B.]
1.1.6Derivatives
For the lemma head see HLuw. /arla-/.