/zadi/
‘thus’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Grammar
- adv
- ID
- 941
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/zadi/, za-ti
‘here’1.1.1Transmission
Nearly all of the 19 occurrences of this lemma can be found in inscriptions that date between the 9th and 7th century BCE, and only the attestation in the SÜDBURG inscription from Boğazköy dates much earlier to approx. 1200 BCE. The bulk of the attestations originate from Tabal and Karkamiš, and less frequently from Cilicia, Commagene, and Maraş.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| indecl. | /zadi/ | za-ti-i | KULULU 2, §2 (Tabal) |
| za-a-ti | KARKAMIŠ A19j1, l. 2 (Karkamiš) | ||
| za-ti | |||
| KULULU 5, §3 (Tabal) | |||
| [z]a-ti | KARKAMIŠ A18e, §1 (Karkamiš) | ||
| zi/a-a-ti | SÜDBURG, §14 (Boğazköy) | ||
| /zadi/ | za-ri+i | ||
| KARATEPE 1 Hu., §68 (Cilicia) | |||
| za-ri?+i | KÜRTÜL, §3 (Maraş) | ||
| za+ra/i-i | BOR, §6 (Tabal) | ||
| /zidi/ | zi-ti | ANCOZ 12, §4 (Commagene) | |
| /zidi/ | zi-ri+i | KARKAMIŠ A27e frag. 2, §4 (Karkamiš) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this lexeme is secure. Its attestations in the HLuw. corpus display some spelling variation, esp. with respect to the word-internal dental, which undergoes rhotacism. Goedegebuure 2010b:78-80 can show that the rhotacism development is exclusive to the adverb, and does not occur in the dat. sg. of the demonstrative pronoun /za-/ ‘this’, which is also spelt 〈za-ti〉. Goedegebuure also demonstrates that the forms zi-ti and zi-ri+i likewise belong to the adverb, although it remains unclear whether they should be attributed to spelling variation reflecting phonological change or to scribal mistakes, since the sign 〈za〉 (*377) is differentiated from 〈zi〉 (*376) only by the addition of two horizontal lines at the bottom of the upright arrow that represents the latter sign. Regarding the occasional plene spelling, i.e. 〈za-a-〉, Vertegaal 2018a:184-187 has shown this to signify a long accented vowel. CLuw. supports the interpretation of the lexeme za-ti as /zadi/, the quality of the dental assured by its rhotacized variant za-ri+i (Goedegebuure 2010b:84-87).
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this lexeme was first discovered by Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1975a:391, when they inferred it from the context in BOHÇA, remarking that it looked like the dat. sg. of the demonstrative pronoun /za-/ ‘this’, but had clearly adverbial function. Shortly after, Morpurgo Davies 1980a:125 added za-ri+i to the list of forms for the adverb. Both analyses are vindicated by the findings of Goedegebuure 2010b:78-80, who re-examined all occurrences of the adverb and compared it to the demonstrative, showing that only the adverb is subjected to rhotacism, because its phonological form is /zadi/, whereas the actual dat./loc. sg. of the demonstrative is /zatti/.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The word /zadi/ was long taken for an additional function of the dat. sg. of the demonstrative (cf. e.g. Payne 2010a:27), but Goedegebuure 2010b:78-80, 89 proves that the forms are not, in fact, the same. Instead, they reflect different phonological forms, i.e. /zadi/ for the adverb and /zatti/ for the demonstrative, and she suggests that the adverb may be a lexicalisation of the old abl./instr. form of the demonstrative (Goedegebuure 2010b:83).
[AH.B.]
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
zātī
‘thus’1.2.1Transmission
All secured attestations are found in texts of the Kuwattalla tradition, but so far only in NS manuscripts.
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| indecl. | za-a-ti-˹i˺ | KUB 35.14 i 9’ | (CTH 760, NS) |
| za-a-ti-˹i˺ | KUB 35.16 iii 10’ | (CTH 760, NS) | |
| za-a-ti-i | KUB 35.17 iii 6’ | (CTH 762, NS) | |
| za-a-ti-[ | KUB 35.85, 3’ | (CTH 759, NS) | |
| za-a-ti-i | KUB 32.8+5 iv 22 | (CTH 759, NS) | |
| za-ti-i | KUB 35.59 ii 9’ | (CTH 760, NS) | |
| za-t[i(-) | KBo 8.17, 1’ | (CTH 208, NS) |
For the possible attestation in KBo 8.17, 1’ and several attestations only seemingly belonging here, see Goedegebuure 2010a:85 n. 29.
[E.R.]
1.2.3Graphic Features
1.2.3.1Phonological Interpretation
While Melchert (CLL:274) still lists zātī under the dat./loc. sg. of zā-/zī- ‘this’ (cf. also Starke 1990a:379), Goedegebuure 2010b:86f. recognized the systematic difference between the real dat./loc. sg. /zatti/ and adverbial /zadi/ in Hieroglyphic Luwian. She was then able to show that the Cuneiform Luwian evidence is compatible with this distinction. Her view is followed by Kloekhorst 2012b:258f., Yakubovich 2015b, and Melchert 2016a:209f. In the meantime, Sasseville 2021a:516f. n. 5 has found an attestation of expected zatti ‘for this (one)’ in Cuneiform Luwian (KBo 13.260 iii 16’, formerly misread as zạ-tụ-pạ?-tị? in Starke 1985b:262; see also Lemma zā-/zī-). Consequently, there can no longer be any doubt about the existence of adverbial /zadi/ with lenited alveolar.
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning ‘thus, here, from this one’
Goedegebuure 2010b:86f. and Kloekhorst 2012b:258f. agree that HLuw. /zadi / is an ablative/instrumental form, at least in origin. This leaves room for a broad range of semantic proposals. Goedegebuure translates adverbially ‘in this (following) way’, Kloekhorst renders the word with ‘herewith’, and Yakubovich (pers. comm.) suggests ‘here (?)’ parallel to Hieroglyphic Luwian.
The two contextually interesting attestations (KUB 32.8+5 iv 21-24 with duplicate KUB 35.117 iv 1’-5’ and KUB 35.14 i 7-10 with duplicate KBo 29.9 obv. 10’-12’) describes a similar situation, in which all gods are requested to take up the evil and thus remove it from ritual patron and subsequently nail it down with a bronze peg (see Goedegebuure 2010b:85f., but with improved meaning assigned to pu- as ‘to hold (up), take (up)’ see Melchert 2016a:209f. following Yakubovich, pers. comm.; outdated restoration in Kloekhorst 2012b:259). The first action is expressed by šarra zātī pū-(di). While the interpretation of zātī as a lexicalized adverb ‘thus’ or ‘here’ in accordance with its Hieroglyphic Luwian equivalent is perfectly possible, it cannot be entirely excluded that zātī is used here in the ritual incantations from an earlier period still in its original grammatical function as abl./instr. of zā-/zī- ‘this’ and refers to the ritual patron (‘let [all gods] take up [ ] from this one ...’).
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
If we are dealing with a grammatical form, it belongs to the proximal speaker-oriented pronoun zā-/zī- ‘this’. Otherwise, zātī is synchronically an adverb based on this form.
[E.R.]
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction
Goedegebuure 2010b:87-89 and Kloekhorst 2012b:259 suggest that the adverbial pronoun /zadi/ ‘thus’ has been secondarily created within Luwian, taking the lenis ending in /-di/ from the synchronic nominal ablative/instrumental /-adi/. Evidence for the ablative function is adducible from the synchronic data; cf. under lemma.
[D.S.]
For the lemma head see PAnat. *k̑o-/k̑i-/k̑e-.