/kwadi=ha/, kwa/i-ti-ha
‘some/anywhere (?)’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- adv
- ID
- 3009
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/kwadi=ha/, kwa/i-ti-ha
‘some/anywhere (?)’1.1.1Transmission
This hapax is attested in a single inscription from Boğazköy, dating to second half of the 13th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| indecl. | /kwadi=ha/ | kwa/i-ti-ha | SÜDBURG, §10b |
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this once-attested word seems reasonably clear, although it cannot be said with certainty whether the intervocalic dental should be read /d/ or /tt/, but see the discussion of the meaning below. If interpreted correctly as either /kwadi=ha/ or /kwatti=ha/, the form is morphologically transparent and belongs to the large word family around the interrogative and relative pronoun /kwa/i-/ ‘who, what; which’; see the discussion of the stem below.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
While the meaning is assigned on etymological as well as semantic grounds, it should nevertheless be taken with caution, because it relies on a single attestation in an inscription whose more detailed interpretation has been debated by scholars for decades. The relevant clause in SÜDBURG, §10b runs: NEG-wa/i-tá kwa/i-ti-ha *507, approx. /nawa=tta kwadi=ha …-nta?/, which may mean ‘They(?) were not successful(?) anywhere(?)’ (Yakubovich 2017e:s.v.). It is possible, however, that the meaning of the adverb is temporal instead, i.e. ‘at any time’, which would represent a further development of the original spatial meaning. Only further data can shed light on the matter.Hawkins 1995a:23, 42 (maintained by Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 2010a:123) analysed the phrase as combining the negation and /kwadi=ha/ (which they interpret as */kwatti=ha/, i.e. the dat./loc. sg. of the indefinite pronoun) and interpret it as ‘to no-one’ (lit.: ‘not to anyone’), leaving the meaning of the verb open. Their dat./loc. sg. interpretation suffers from the fact that it cannot accommodate the locative particle /=tta/, which the scholars themselves note, whereas the adverbial analysis advanced by Yakubovich and the one offered here do so without any problems.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The present word is an adverb and belongs to the family around the interrogative and relative pronoun /kwa/i-/ ‘who, what, which’, and is most closely related to the indefinite pronoun /kwa/i-=ha/ ‘some-/anyone’. In fact, /kwadi/ probably constitutes the old abl./instr. form of the basic pronoun, i.e. ‘(from) where’ (see Hawkins 2000a:336 and Melchert 2003b:191 incl. n. 19), but has since left the paradigm, just like the demonstrative adverb /zadi/ ‘there’, cf. Goedegebuure 2010b:83, 86. In fact, /kwadi/ is also attested in the HLuw. corpus, but has taken on a different adverbial meaning, see HLuw. /kwadi/ ‘as, how, so that’. Following the practice common among the Anatolian languages, the addition of the connective particle /=ha/ ‘and, also’ introduces the indefinite component ‘some, any’ to the relative and interrogative pronoun, creating the indefinite pronoun ‘some-/anywhere’. Perhaps a further semantic development has taken place and the meaning has shifted from the spatial to the temporal domain, but this cannot be verified without further data.
[AH.B.]