zīla
‘then’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Class
- Base
- Grammar
- adv
- ID
- 2470
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/zila/, zi-la
‘then’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested nine times in the HLuw. corpus with a wide-ranging geographical and temporal distribution. Thus, it can be found in western Anatolia as well as in the east and south of the HLuw. area, and the relevant inscriptions include both the earliest (SÜDBURG), dating to the 13th century BCE, to the latest (KARATEPE), dating to the early 7th century BCE, as well as several others between those points.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
It cannot be said with absolute certainty that the spelling <zi/a-la> in SÜDBURG §8 and in TOPADA §23 is in fact an attestation of /zila/, because there are two further occurrences of this spelling in the SÜDBURG §4 and 4§5b and a slightly altered one with the same interpretation possible in TOPADA §8, yet they do not appear to mean the same; instead they are seen as representations of the preverb /zala/ ‘aside?’. However, because of the (near-)identical spelling, differentiating the two words hinges on other evidence, e.g. their syntactic positioning and interpretation.
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
Always spelt syllabically, this lexeme has a fairly secure phonological interpretation. This is further aided by the fact that a cognate of the same shape and form is attested multiple times in CLuw. and mostly spelt <zi-la>, occasionally with plene spelling <zi-i-la> (cf. e.g. HEG W-Z:719f.). Concerning the HLuw. evidence, the use of <tà> (*41) in place of <la> (*175) is explained by Rieken 2008b:643 and Rieken & Yakubovich 2010a:217 as rhotacism, in which /d, l, r/ merge in to the flap /ɾ/.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
First linked with CLuw. /zila/ by Hawkins, Morpurgo Davies & Neumann 1973a: 47, the general meaning of this lexeme has been clear for some time. In HLuw., it is employed in historical narratives that are part of many inscriptions and always marks the temporal sequence of events. The evidence from its CLuw. cognate supports this interpretation, although the original domain of the adverb may have been spatial rather than temporal, with the transfer done by metaphor (Rieken 2019b:309-311).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The lexeme shows the typical /-a/ ending of adverbs, representing a lexicalised old allative (Rieken 2019b:315).
[AH.B.]
1.1.6Compounds
1.1.7Derivatives
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
zīla
‘afterwards, then, in future’1.2.1Transmission
The lexeme is widely attested in both festival texts and various incantation rituals, from the MH period onward.
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| indecl. | [z]i-i-la | KUB 35.14 i 25’ | (CTH 760, NS) |
| zi-i-la | KUB 32.10, 13’ | (CTH 761, MS?) | |
| zi-i-l[a] | KUB 35.54 iii 19 | (CTH 758, MS) | |
| [z]i-i-la | KUB 35.65 iii 8’ | (CTH 763, MS) | |
| ˹zi-i-la˺ | KUB 35.88 ii 5, 6, 7 | (CTH 766, NS) | |
| [z]i-i-la | KUB 35.88 iii 7’ | (CTH 766, NS) | |
| zi-i-la | KUB 35.88 ii 8 | (CTH 766, NS) | |
| zi-i-la | KUB 35.109 iii 10 | (CTH 765, MS) | |
| zi-i-la | KUB 35.136++ iv 4’, 8’, 11’ | (CTH 773, NS) | |
| [z]i-i-la | KUB 35.136++ iv 20’ | (CTH 773, NS) | |
| zi-i-la | KBo 13.260 iii 16’ | (CTH 766, NS) | |
| zi-la | KUB 35.54 iii 20 | (CTH 758, MS) | |
| [zi-l]a | KUB 35.54 iii 24 | (CTH 758, MS) | |
| zi-la | KUB 32.8(+)5 iv 24’ | (CTH 759, NS) | |
| zi-la | KBo 60.32, 14’ | (CTH 758, NS) | |
| [z]i-la | KUB 32.8(+)5 iv 27’ | (CTH 759, NS) | |
| (-)z]i-la | KBo 8.130 iii 3’ | (CTH 764, MS) | |
| zi-la | KBo 29.34 i 15’ | (CTH 770, NS) | |
| [z]i-la | KBo 29.34 i 10’ | (CTH 770, NS) | |
| z]i?-la | KBo 58.233, 7’ | (CTH 770, NS) |
The sequences zi-la-an[(-) in KUB 35.91, 2’ and ˹zi-i-la-am˺[- in KUB 35.60 iii 3 are tentatively assigned to CLuw. zīlan ‘behind, afterwards, thereupon (?)’. – (-)z]i-la in KBo 8.130 iii 3’ does not necessarily belong here. For the new attestations of KBo 60.32 and KBo 58.233, see Sasseville 2020a:51f, although the tentative restoration of the latter comes from Melchert pers. comm.
[E.R.]
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Konkordanz. – The putative attestation of zi-i-l[a(-) in KUB 35.101 rev. 6’ listed in CLL:283 is to be read rather as zi-i-i[a(-).
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning
Laroche 1959a:115 first recognized that CLuw. zīla occurs in utterances of wishes and prohibitions and concluded that it refers as an adverb to the future. This is especially obvious in analogical incantations where negative conditions are supposed to re-occur never again in the future (e.g. KUB 35.54 iii 19). Laroche 1959a’s semantic interpretation as ‘désormais’ initially met some skepticism (Hawkins, Morpurgo Davies & Neumann 1973a:47, Weitenberg 1984a:296f.), but is now either accepted or slightly modified: Starke 1990a:100: ‘in Zukunft’, CLL:283: ‘subsequently’ (or sim.), Shevoroshkin 1994a:154 ‘(in the) future’, HEG W-Z:719f. ‘künftig, von jetzt an, danach’, Rieken 2019b ‘in Zukunft, dann, hinterher’.
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
For the indeclinable form zīla going back to an original allative ending, see under Reconstruction.
[E.R.]
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction
Rieken 2019b:315 reconstructs *zī-lo- ‘pertaining to the end, end’ and, concerning the adverb zīla, she posits a frozen allative *zīleh2 ‘afterwards, in the future’ (contra Laroche 1959a:115, CLL:283). However, on the allative ending cf. Melchert 2017a and [
[E.R.]
For the lemma head see PAnat. *zeh1-/*zih1-.
zēlan