/tarba(i)-^(di)/

This lexeme is attested four times in inscriptions from Karkamiš, Malatya, and Konya, dating from the 13^th to the mid-8^th century BCE.

[A.P.]

The attestations of the participle /tarbamma/i-/ are listed as a separate lexeme, /tarbamma/i-/ ‘highway’, because none of them are used verbally, but only substantivally.

Note that the purely logographic spelling in YALBURT frag. 2, §3 relies on an actual doubling of PES₂, and perhaps this should be taken as a sign that the spelling represents a different verb. In the absence of further evidence, the occurrence is attributed to the present lexeme.

[A.P.]

The meaning of this verb clearly denotes a damaging action, but probably not as destructive as that of the related verb /tarb(a)i-/ ‘to attack, trample’. The translation ‘to trample’ (“piétiner”) was first suggested by Laroche 1960c:59, but his paradigm mixed together forms from /tarba-/ and /tarb(a)i-/, followed by Meriggi in HHG:123, who pointed out some semantic difficulties and proposed ‘to tread’ as an alternative translation. The verbs were later separated and discussed in greater detail by Morpurgo Davies 1986a and Yakubovich 2002a:202-208. The meaning can be observed in KARKAMIŠ A6, §11: a-wa/i ta-ní-mi SUPER+ra/i-a (“PES₂.PES”)tara/i-pa-lá/í, approx. /a=wa tanimi sarra tarbada/, translating as ‘He trod on everyone/-thing, (while he was a child)’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:124).

Outdated are earlier treatments such as van Brock 1959a:119.

[AH.B.]

Yakubovich 2002a:203 separates the present verb from the similar looking /tarb(a)i-/ ‘to attack, trample’, facilitating morphologically and semantically coherent paradigms. Sasseville 2021a:93 classifies it as a verb in /-a-^(di)/ because of the participial form */tarbamma/i-/ (instead of */tarbaimma/i-/) that gave rise to the noun /tarbamma/i-/ ‘highway’, while the earlier CLuw. cognate forms still show the full suffix /-a(i)-^(di)/.

The verb likely features in several personal names in HLuw.; cf. Hawkins 2000a:126f.

[AH.B.]

1. /tarbamma/i-/

The verb occurs twice in a fragment of a Luwian mugauwar.

[E.R.]

For tar-pa-an-du at KBo 29.16 ii 10, which Sasseville 2021a:94 separates from tarpā(i)-^(di) for morphological reasons, see CLuw. tarpandu ‘to give in return, to substitute (?)’.

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

[E.R.]

No translation is offered in DLL:93. Indeed, the fragmentary context does not permit a semantic interpretation except that the verb seems to denote an aggressive act (cf. in both attestations ne-iš tar-pa-a-tar “let X not be t.-ed!”). Accordingly, the meaning ‘to tread, walk (on)’, which is aligned with the limited information we have, rests mainly on the equation with HLuw. /tarpa(i)-^(di)/ ‘to tread, walk (on)’ (following Starke 1990a:234 n. 796, CLL:214, Sasseville 2021a:93, and DCL:s.v.; see also HEG T:203, HHw:169).

[E.R.]

Like the semantic interpretation, also the assignment to the class of verbs in -ā(i)-^(di) depends on the evidence from Hieroglyphic Luwian (see under Meaning).

[E.R.]

For the lemma head see CLuw. *tarpa-⁽ⁱ⁾.