/tarbamma/i-/, (“PES2.PES”)tara/i-pa-ma-
‘highway’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 3945
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/tarbamma/i-/, (“PES2.PES”)tara/i-pa-ma-
‘highway’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested four times in inscriptions from Malatya, Commagene, and the Amuq, dating to the 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| acc. sg. | /tarbammin/ | PES2.PES-pa-mi-na | ŞIRZI, §1 (Malatya) |
| PES2.PES-pa-mi-na | ŞIRZI, §5 (Malatya) | ||
| dat./loc. pl. | /tarbammanz/ | (“PES2.PES”)tara/i-pa-ma-za | JISR EL HADID frag. 3, §c (Amuq) |
| unclear | /…/ | tara/i-pa-mi[-x?]-´ | ANCOZ 3, l.2 (Commagene) |
In ANCOZ 3, the uncertain sign appears to be the word divider in its square Bronze Age form. It is not clear how the sign should be interpreted in this context.
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
Since the word very probably represents the participle of the verb /tarba-(di)/ ‘to tread, trample’, its phonological interpretation seems secure save for the quality of the medial bilabial stop, which may be lenited. The spelling with the logogram combination PES2.PES serves as a hallmark of the word family and ties the present lexeme to the other members of the family.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
While the form looks distinctly participial, the contexts of attestation show that the word is used as a noun. Starke 1990a:292 deemed its meaning unclear, though related to the verb /tarba-(di)/ ‘to tread, trample’. A more recent investigation of the semantics undertaken by Simon 2014c:151f. takes up the old suggestion ‘road’ (“Weg”) by Bossert 1954-1956a:61, 64f. and proposes ‘highway’ particularly because of the combination of /tarbamma/i-/ with the noun /immar(i)-/ ‘field, open country’. Thus e.g. SIRZI, §5 runs: za-pa-wa/i i-mára/i PES2.PES-pa-mi-na kwa/i-sá ARHA li-*375-ti, approx. /zan=ba=wa immara-tarpammin kwis ahha li…Ti/, meaning ‘(He) who damages this highway (lit.: open country road), (him the stag-god Runtiya of the open country shall attack terribly)’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:323).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
A common gender noun, this form is likely converted from a participle in /-mma/i-/ to the verb /tarba-(di)/ ‘to tread, trample’; cf. e.g. Sasseville 2021a:93f.
[AH.B.]
For the lemma head, see HLuw. */tarba-(i)/.