tarpandu
‘give in return, substitute (?)’
- Language
- Cuneiform Luwian
- Class
- Derivative
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 3953
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Cuneiform Luwian
tarpandu
‘give in return, substitute (?)’1.1.1Transmission
The sole attestation of the verb comes from an incantation found in a ritual of the Kuwattalla tradition.
[E.R.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3pl. impv. act. | tar-pa-an-du | KBo 29.16 ii? 10 | (CTH 761, NS) |
Unclear is the gloss wedge word 
tar-pa-ma(-)[ at KUB 44.60 ii 17’, for which Starke 1990a:293 considers a stem tarpam(ma)n-. However, a participle derived from the verb tarpa- is equally plausible (as suggested in HEG T:203).
[E.R.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.
[E.R.]
1.1.4Meaning
On account of the 3pl. impv. ending -andu, the verb tarp(a)- must be distinguished from tarpā(i)-(di) ‘to tread, walk on’, for which a form *tarpaindu would be expected (see Sasseville 2021a:94). In its context, the verb form tarpandu denotes an action to be taken by the gods in reaction to the truthful (išarwaya) speech of the ritual patron or expert. They are supposed to pay back twice the righteousness (vel sim.) to the latter, hence the translation ‘to give in return’ following Yakubovich & Mouton 2023a:290-292 (adopted also in DCL:s.v., against CLL:214). Obsolete is the translation ‘to tread, walk on’ in Starke 1990a:234 n. 796, HEG T:203 and HHw:169, due to the erroneous identification with tarpā(i)-(di) ‘to tread, walk (on)’; this translation is considered also by Sasseville 2021a:378.
[E.R.]
1.1.5Stem
As Sasseville 2021a:94 points out, tarpandu can be a form of a factitive -a-(ti) stem or a radical ḫi-verb.
[E.R.]
For the lemma head see CLuw. *tarp-.