/tarban(n)a-/, PES2.PES-na-
‘to oppose, rival (?)’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 3936
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/tarban(n)a-/, PES2.PES-na-
‘to oppose, rival (?)’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested twice in two parallel inscriptions from the Amuq, dating to late 10th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pret. act. | /tarban(n)atta/ | PES2.PES-na-ta | ARSUZ 2, §7 (Amuq) |
| (PES2.PES)TARA/I-ta | ARSUZ 1, §7 (Amuq) |
The forms listed above are recognised as belonging to the same verb against Dinçol, Dinçol, Hawkins, Peker & Öztan 2015a:67, because ARSUZ 1 simply consists of a mixed spelling with semantic marker and phonetic indicator for the beginning of the word, whereas ARSUZ 2 relies on the more common combination of logograms and syllabograms only.
[A.P.] [AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this verb is provisional, because the spelling leaves room for interpretation. However, considering the frequent use of PES2.PES within the word family around /tarba-(di)/ ‘to tread, trample’ and /tarb(a)i-(di)/ ‘to attack, trample’, it is very likely to be closely related to both. Even so, the quality of the medial bilabial stop remains unclear as well as that of the nasal, and the form may be either /tarbana-/ or /tarbanna-/, see the discussion of the stem below. The first interpretation would connect it more closely with CLuw. tarpanalla/i- ‘(ritual) substitute, rival’ and tarpani(ya)- ‘of a rival (?)’, while the latter interpretation would point to a derivational relationship with /tarba-(di)/.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
Since the verb is only attested in ARSUZ 1 and 2, its semantic interpretation is not fully assured. Dinçol, Dinçol, Hawkins, Peker & Öztan 2015a:65, 67 note that itNote that they consider the spellings two represent two different, but semantically similar verbs. denotes a hostile action judging by the context and connect it to /tarba-(di)/ ‘to tread, trample’ and /tarb(a)i-(di)/ ‘to attack, trample’, suggesting tentatively ‘to oppose’. Adducing the likely close relationship with CLuw. tarpanalla/i- ‘(ritual) substitute, rival’ (see already Starke 1990a:233), the meaning ‘to rival’ is added by Yakubovich 2017e. ARSUZ 1, §7 runs: za-sa-pa-wa/i-mu URBS+MI (PES2.PES)TARA/I-ta, approx. /zas=ba=wa=mu …-nis tarpan(n)atta/, meaning ‘(At the time when I raised greatness / rose in power?), this city rivalled (?) me. (The Storm-god put his hand on me and I stood over it)’ (cf. Dinçol, Dinçol, Hawkins, Peker & Öztan 2015a:65, 67).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The stem formation of this verb is not fully clear, because more than one analysis is possible based on the attested forms. On the one hand, it may represent a deverbal formation with the suffix /-anna-(i)/, i.e. /tarbanna-(i)/, derived from /tarba-(di)/ ‘to tread, trample’ or from the unattested stem */tarba-(i)/ (cf. Sasseville 2021a:513f.). On the other hand, it may derive from an unattested noun */tarban(a)-/, i.e. /tarbana-/, as a factitive in /-a-(ti)/ (cf. Sasseville 2021a:18-21). Further evidence is needed to shed light on the developmental path.
[AH.B.]
For the lemma head see HLuw. /tarbi/.
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