/tarPu(na)llahid-/, tara/i-pu-la-hi-ri+i-
‘(unknown)’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 3950
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/tarPu(na)llahid-/, tara/i-pu-la-hi-ri+i-
‘(unknown)’1.1.1Transmission
This hapax is attested in a single inscription from Karkamiš, dating to the 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| dat./loc. sg. | /tarPu(na)llahidi/ | tara/i-pu-la-hi-ri+i-i | KARKAMIŠ A5a, §5 (Karkamiš) |
The attestation at KARKAMIŠ A5a, §5 is commonly emended to 〈tara/i-pu〈-na?〉-la-hi-ri+i-i〉, see Hawkins 2000a:182f. and cf. the discussions below.
[A.P.] [AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this lexeme is provisional. It is not clear to which word family beginning with /tarP°/ it belongs, viz. /tarba-(di)/ ‘to tread, trample’, /tarPuna-/ ‘(a kind of toy)’, or /tarPalla(/i)-/ ‘farmer (?)’. Since the only attestation does not include any logogram in its spelling, none of the possible cognates can be given preference over the others; it should be noted, however, that the inscription KARKAMIŠ A5a makes use of a number of /tarP°/ words without any of the logograms commonly found to accompany them, fitting the pattern of very few logographic determinatives being used in that text at all.
Moreover, the spelling as attested at KARKAMIŠ A5a, §5 represents some difficulties that are not mitigated by additional attestations and/or any direct cognates in the other Anatolian languages. If the spelling is correct as is, the form should be /tarPul(l)ahid-/ with a partly opaque morphological structure. Hawkins 2000a:182f. has hence suggested the spelling to be defective and proposed a restoration to /tarPunallahid-/, which is morphologically transparent and facilitates a derivational link with the attested noun /tarPuna-/ ‘(a kind of toy)’, but the connection is entirely hypothetical at present and cannot be proven.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this word is unclear at present. Neither do the possible etymological connections help, nor does the context of attestation provide a good basis for an interpretation. A funerary inscription, the text of KARKAMIŠ A5a appears to deal with the struggles the author felt he faced during his lifetime, with several clauses dedicated to the relationship between him and his stepmother. Thus, KARKAMIŠ A5a, §5 runs: wa/i-mu-u-i [x]-na?-si-˹x˺ á-˹mi?˺-sa tá-ri+i-sa ˹FEMINA˺-ti-sa tara/i-pu〈-na?〉-la-hi-ri+i-i CRUS-ta, approx. /wa=mu … ammis tadis wanattis tarPu(na)llahidi tatta/, meaning ‘My father’s wife stood in t. to me’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:182). Hawkins’ interpretation of the context is rather positive, but the following clauses may in fact suggest that the relationship was strained: ‘She wrote(?) out a curse to my …, my time did not end, (but?) I stopped giving my time to the woman (or: to a woman, to women?)’.The transliteration of the last clause given in translation here is not clear. It may also translate as: ‘therefore I myself stopped time for the woman’ vel sim., cf. the transliteration used in Goedegebuure 2007a:330.
If the word is related to the family around /tarba-(di)/ ‘to tread, trample’, an interpretation as ‘vengeance’ would be suitable. If, however, a link exists with /tarPuna-/ ‘(a kind of toy)’, the word could have a much more positive meaning such as ‘playmateship’. Further data are needed for a more secure interpretation.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
A noun, the present word derives from an adjective in /-la/i-/ or /-alla/i-/ with the neuter gender abstract suffix /-ahid-/. The word appears in the same inscription as the noun /tarPunalla(/i)-/ ‘rival’,Note that this word, too, is only attested in KARKAMIŠ A5a, §9 and §11, i.e. limited to the very same text. hence the suggested emendation to 〈tara/i-pu〈-na?〉-la-hi-ri+i-i〉 by Hawkins 2000a:182f. However, without additional evidence supporting the emendation, this remains hypothetical.
[AH.B.]