/hamsukkalla-/
‘great-grandchild’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, c.
- ID
- 3435
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/hamsukkalla-/, (INFANS.NEPOS)ha-ma-su-ka-la-
‘great-grandson’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme occurs eleven times in the HLuw. corpus, and the relevant texts all date to between the late 10th and 8th centuries BCE, save for one inscription from the late 13th century BCE. The latter is located farther to the west in Konya, while the bulk originates from the east of the HLuw. area in Maraş, Karkamiš and Tell Ahmar down to Hama in the south.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom. sg. | /hamsukkallas/ | (INFANS.NEPOS)ha-ma-su-ka-la-sá | MARAŞ 1, §1d (Maraş) |
| (INFANS.NEPO[S)ha-ma-su-k]a-[l]a-[sa] | TELL AHMAR 1, §1 (Tell Ahmar) | ||
| NEPOS-ka-la-sá | KÖRKÜN, §6 (Karkamiš) | ||
| INFANS.NEPOS-ka-la-[sa] | SHEIZAR, §5 (Hama) | ||
| “INFANS.NEPOS”-kwa/i-la-sá | MARAŞ 14, §5 (Maraş) | ||
| 〈“〉INFANS.NEPOS”-kwa/i-la-sá | MARAŞ 4, §10 (Maraş) | ||
| NEPOS-ka-li | YALBURT frag. 1, §1 | ||
| dat./loc. sg. | /hamsukkalla/ | (NEPOS)ha-ma-su-ka-la | KÖRKÜN, §11 (Karkamiš) |
| INF[ANS...)]ha-ma-si-kwa/i-la | MARAŞ 11, §2 (Maraş) | ||
| INFANS.NEPOS-kwa/i-la | KARKAMIŠ A4a, §12 (Karkamiš) | ||
| nom. pl. | /hamsukkallanzi/ | INFANS.NEPOS-ka-la-zi | SHEIZAR, §4 (Hama) |
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
With a host of variously spelt evidence, the phonological interpretation of the present lexeme is reasonably clear, and the suggested shape is further supported by the exact cognate attested in CLuw. ḫamšukkalla- ‘great-grandson’, cf. CLL:50. Some spellings show the sign(s) 〈su-ka〉 where others have 〈(si)-kwa/i〉, cf. the attestations listed under Forms. This change has been discussed among scholars several times, and e.g. Melchert 1994a:275 interprets it as metathesis: /°suka°/ > /°skwa°/, as all attestations featuring 〈(si)-kwa/i〉 originate from inscriptions dating to after the mid-9th century BCE or later. However, not all late occurrences feature this spelling, in fact most continue to rely on the combination 〈su-ka〉. Sasseville 2014-2015a:116f. suggests that there may have been a secondary phonological form /hamskwalla-/.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning ‘great-grandson’ was suggested by Laroche (DLL:39) with reference to Laroche 1958b:188f., where he more tentatively assigned the meaning ‘posterity’ at first. For this word also, the introductory sentence of MARAŞ 1, §1 is singularly elucidating, as it names the male genealogical line in succession: /nimuwizza-/ ‘son’, /hams(i)-/ ‘grandson’, /hamsukkalla-/ ‘great-grandson’, /nawa-/ ‘great-great-grandson’ etc., and the assigned meanings find confirmation in other passages.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The word is a common gender noun and does not show i-mutation, in line with many other nouns in /-alla-/ that are not conversions from adjectives in /-alla/i-/ but agent nouns, see Sasseville 2014-2015a:116f. Regarding the present lexeme in particular, Sasseville analyses it as a diminutive in /-kkalla-/, derived from a u-stem form */hamsu-/ not attested in Luw., which later passed its labial element on to the following velar (see Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1993a:57 n. 27 and Melchert 1994a:275).
[AH.B.]
1.1.6Origin
Yakubovich 2010d:257 n. 65 mentions the possibility that the word may be originally Palaic, but notes that this is not supported by the Luwian suffix -alla- c., for which see Sasseville 2014-2015a.
[AH.B.]
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
ḫamšukkalla-
‘great-grandchild’1.2.1Transmission
The noun ḫamšukkalla- is found in ritual fragments from the Kuwattalla tradition and in the festival text for the Palaic pantheon with mixed Palaic and Luwian incantations (from MS onwards).
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| abl./instr. | ḫa-am-šu-uk-kal-la-a-ti | KBo 9.143 iii! 13’ | (CTH 763, MS) |
| ḫa-am-[šu-uk-kal-la-a-ti] | KBo 29.6 obv. 29’ | (CTH 762, NS) | |
| ḫa-am-šu-⸢uk⸣-ka4-la-a-ti | KBo 19.152 ii 2’ + KBo 27.77 ii 5’ | (CTH 751, MS) | |
| ḫa-am-šu-kal-la-a-⸢ti⸣ | KUB 32.81 i? 14’ + KUB 35.19, 9’ | (CTH 761, MS?) | |
| [ḫa-a]m-šu-ug-g[a-al-la-a-ti] | KUB 35.141, 5’ | (CTH 770, NS) |
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – KUB 32.81 i? 14’ + KUB 35.19, 9’ is misread by Otten 1953a:103, KUB 35.151, 5’ by Starke 1985b:414: (-)]ḫi-uš-ug-g[a-.
[E.R.]
1.2.3.1Phonological Interpretation
While Hawkins 2000a:153 hesitates to read the REL sign in HLuw. INFANS.NEPOS.REL-la- as -ka- based on HLuw. (NEPOS)ha-ma-su-ka-la- and the Cuneiform Luwian equivalent ḫamšukkalla-, Melchert (CLL:50) interprets the spelling in both languages as /hamskwalla-/ with metathesis. More recently, Sasseville 2014-2015a:116f. proposes /hamsukkalla-/ with rounded /kw/ by co-articulation. The last view is most easily compatible with the proposed etymology (see under Reconstruction).
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning
The noun ḫamšukkalla- forms the second member of the asyndetic word pair ḫamš(i)- ḫamšukkalla- ‘grandchild (and) great-grandchild’ (cf. Martínez Rodríguez 2019b:184; for the semantic elucidation, see the references under the Lemma of ḫamš(i)-; accepted also by Weitenberg 1984a:159f. and Sasseville 2014-2015a:116f.).
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
While the abl./instr. form does not permit a distinction between mutated and non-mutated stems, the Hieroglyphic Luwian nom. sg. c. /hamsukkallas/ proves that the lexeme belongs to the class of non-mutated common gender a-stems, which seems to be common sense (see e.g. the a-stem lemmata in the dictionaries (DLL:39, HW:424, CLL:50, HHw:38, EDHIL:319f.). Regarding the derivational chain, Sasseville 2014-2015a:116f. suggests that a u-stem *ḫamšu- was derived with the suffixes *-ke- and *-leh2-, comparing Lat. -culus in the kinship terms avunculus, paterculus etc. For the underlying u-stem, see under Reconstruction of CLuw. *ḫamšu-.
[E.R.]
1.2.6Origin
In contrast with earlier literature, the assignment to Luwian in spite of the surrounding Palaic spells is explicitly stated by Starke 1990a:521 n. 1924 and 593f.
[E.R.]
For the lemma head see CLuw. *ḫaš(š)a-(i).