/manuhha/, ma-nu-ha
‘in any way, by any means’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- adv
- ID
- 3349
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/manuhha/, ma-nu-ha
‘in any way, by any means’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested eleven times in inscriptions from Karkamiš, Assur and Tabal, dating maximally from the 9th to the late 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word is reasonably certain. It was connected to Hittite manka ‘in any way’ already by Meriggi (HHG:81), which found immediate acceptance among scholars (e.g. Hawkins 1975a:136). Carruba 1969b:59 n. 42 notes the rhotacism to ma-ru-ha as attested at SULTANHAN, §36 (cf. also Poetto 1982a:280 and Melchert 1994a:238), confirming that the /n/ is not geminate (see Sasseville 2021e).
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The general meaning of this word became clear to scholars early on, see already HHG:81 (“je, etwa”), and later refined by Hawkins 1975a:136. /manuhha/ always occurs combined with a negative particle, either the simple negative /na/ or the prohibitive /ni/; and Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 2010a:108f. note that it is used to strengthen the negation. From the currently known attestations, it seems that /manuhha/ constitutes a negative polarity item, which would suggest a translation as ‘at all’,Thus tentatively e.g. Hawkins 1975a:136 and Melchert 1994a:238. although further textual data may reveal it to occur in affirmative contexts besides, and the translation is hence kept more flexible with ‘… any …’.
Occurring towards the end of the inscription, KARABURUN, §13 represents part of the apodosis of the curse formula: SUPER+ra/i-pa-wa/i-tu-ta ni-i ma-nu-ha pu-tu, approx. /sarra=ba=wa=du=ada=tta ni manuhha pudu/, meaning ‘(He who erases these engravings …), he (scil. the moon-god) shall in no way lift them up for him!’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:481).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The word is an adverb and indeclinable. It is likely an older univerbation of /man/ ‘if, when’ and /=ha/ ‘and, also’, retaining apparently through metathesis the now vanished labial component of the latter, see Carruba 1969b:59 n. 42 and cf. HEG L-M:125f.Outdated is the cautious labelling as nom./acc. sg. n. for this form by Weitenberg 1984a:395.
[AH.B.]
For the lemma head see HLuw. /man/.