/i(ya)ri-(ti)/, (LONGUS)i+ra/i-
‘to extend’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 2394
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/i(ya)ri-(ti)/, (LONGUS)i+ra/i-
‘to extend’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested nine times in inscriptions from Karkamiš, the Amuq, Tell Ahmar and Tabal, dating from the late 10th to the late 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| 1sg. pret. ind. act. | /iyarihha/ | (“LONGUS”)ia+ra/i-i-ha | KARKAMIŠ A15b, §17 (Karkamiš) |
| 3sg. pres. ind. act. | /iyaritti/ | (LONGUS)i+ra/i-ti-i | ARSUZ 1, §22 (Amuq) |
| “LONGUS”-ti | TELL TAYINAT 2, line 4, 12 §ii (Amuq) | ||
| ia+ra/i-ti-i | SULTANHAN, §24 (Tabal) | ||
| /iritti/ | (LONGUS)i+ra/i-ti | ARSUZ 2, §22 (Amuq) | |
| 3sg. pret. ind. act. | /iyaritta/ | (“LONGUS”)ia+ra/i-˹i˺-tá | TELL TAYINAT 2, line 2, 1a §i (Amuq) |
| (“LONGUS”)ia+ra/i-ta | TELL TAYINAT 2, line 2, 1b §i (Amuq) | ||
| ˹i+a-tá˺ | KARKAMIŠ A21, §3 (Karkamiš) | ||
| 3pl. pret. ind. act. | /iyarinta/ | (LONGUS)ia+ra/i-ta | TELL AHMAR 5, §9 (Tell Ahmar) |
The similarly looking verb /iyariya-/, attested at KARKAMIŠ A11b+c, §3, is dealt with in a separate entry.
[A.P.] [AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this verb is reasonably secure due to the many attested spellings. It cannot be said with certainty whether the medial resonant represents a geminate /rr/ or a singleton /r/, but it is likely to be the same throughout the word family due to levelling, at least whenever the familial links are obvious. The contraction of the sequence /iya/ to /i/ is common in this verb and the family it is part of; this type of syncope represents a well-known feature of HLuw., see e.g. Melchert 2003b:183.
The logogram LONGUS (sign *62) is a hallmark of this word family and used in the spelling of most members. Its composition, a combination of the signs MANUS and MINUS, is discussed by Payne 2018a:115.
[AH.B.] [A.P.]
1.1.4Meaning
The interpretation of this verb was first offered by Melchert 1988a:31f. incl. n. 7. Insofar as can be ascertained, the attested occurrences are all transitive; the only intransitive use has been relegated to a different lexeme, viz. /i(ya)riya-(i)/ ‘to stretch out’. Oettinger 2004a:380f. connects the word etymologically to the noun /ar(i)-/ ‘time’, i.e. ‘(temporal) extension’, although that link may not have been obvious to speakers of Luwian any longer. The meaning is therefore assigned on both contextual and etymological grounds. It can be observed e.g. in TELL AHMAR 5, §9: za-a-pa-wa/i-ta DEUS-ni-na wa/i+ra/i-li-zi FLUMEN-pi-i INFRA-ta+ra/i (LONGUS)ia+ra/i-ta, approx. /zan=ba=wa=tta massanin warallinzi habi annantarri iyarinta/, meaning ‘(But when my father died), the relatives extended this god to the lower river’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:232).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The verb represents a stem in /-i-(ti)/ and derives from an unattested nominal base such as */i(ya)r(a/i)-/ ‘extension, year’ vel sim., see Sasseville 2021a:146f. following Oettinger 2004a:381.
[AH.B.]
1.1.6Derivatives
For the lemma head and the etymology, see under CLuw. ār(i)-.