/i(ya)riya-(i)/, (“LONGUS”)ia+ra/-i-ia-
‘to stretch out’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 2395
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/i(ya)riya-(i)/, (“LONGUS”)ia+ra/-i-ia-
‘to stretch out’1.1.1Transmission
Attested only once, this hapax legomenon can be found in an inscription from Karkamiš, dating to the late 10th or early 9th century BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pret. act. | /iyariyatta/ | (“LONGUS”)ia+ra/-i-ia-ta | KARKAMIŠ A11b+c, §3 (Karkamiš) |
The recognition of this verb as distinct from /i(ya)ri-(ti)/ ‘to extend’ follows Sasseville 2021a:147, albeit with a different morphological analysis, see the discussion of the stem below.
[AH.B.] [A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The spelling of this word leaves comparatively little room for interpretation and the phonological interpretation can therefore be deemed relatively certain; only the quality of the /r/ is somewhat unclear and it may be a geminate after all. As a whole, the interpretation is supported by the obvious connection to the word family around the verb /i(ya)ri-(ti)/ ‘to extend’, which also employs the logogram LONGUS (sign *62) for a determinative.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
While the meaning ‘to stretch out’ became clear after some time (Melchert 1988a:31f. incl. n. 7)Previous suggestions approximated it, see e.g. Hawkins 1986b:98., the word was regarded as belonging to the paradigm of /iyari-(ti)/ ‘to extend’, even though all but the occurrence listed here show transitive behaviour, as noted by Melchert. In KARKAMIŠ A11b+c, §3, the verb is clearly intransitive, as proven by the presence of the clitic subject pronoun /=as/. The clause occurs in the historical portion of the introduction: *a-wa/i-sa VACUUS-ti-i-sa ARHA (“LONGUS”)ia+ra/i-ia-ta, approx. /a=wa=as tanattis ahha iyariyatta/, meaning ‘It (scil. the city) stretched out entirely empty (and I purchased it from Uratarhuntassa’s grandsons)’ (Melchert 2011b:75f., cf. Hawkins 2000a:103).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The verb is to be separated from /i(ya)ri-(ti)/ ‘to extend’ as per Sasseville 2021a:147. It appears to belong to the class in /-iya-(i)/, which contains deradical formations among others, see Sasseville 2021a:401-405. For the derivational basis, Sasseville 2021a:147 envisages an unattested common gender action noun in /-a-/, but it is just as likely that the same nominal (or deradical?) base that gave rise to the transitive verb /i(ya)ri-(ti)/ should be considered its point of origin. Further data are needed to corroborate this analysis.
[AH.B.]