/turp(i)-/, (PANIS)tú+ra/i-pi-
‘bread’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 2198
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/turp(i)-/, (PANIS)tú+ra/i-pi-
‘bread’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested 14 times in inscriptions from Aleppo, Karkamiš, the Amuq, Hama and Maraş, dating from the 11th to the 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom. sg. | /turpis/ | (*291.PANIS)tu+ra/i-pi-sa | ALEPPO 6, §12 (Aleppo) |
| (“PANIS”)tú+ra/i-pi-sa | KARKAMIŠ A11b+c, §18a (Karkamiš) | ||
| acc. sg. | /turpin/ | (PANIS)tú+ra/i-pi-na | KARKAMIŠ A11a, §27 (Karkamiš) |
| (PANIS)tu+ra/i-pi-na | KARKAMIŠ A1a, §33 (Karkamiš) | ||
| (PANIS)tú+ra/i-p[i]-n[a] | KARKAMIŠ A4d, §1 (Karkamiš) | ||
| (PANIS)tú+ra/i[...] | ARSUZ 1, §23 (Amuq) | ||
| (SIGNACULUM.PANIS)tú+ra/i-pi-i-na | ARSUZ 2, §23 (Amuq) | ||
| (“PANIS”)tú+ra/i-pi-na | HAMA 4, §15 (Hama) | ||
| PANIS | KARKAMIŠ A11a, §12 (Karkamiš) | ||
| gen. | /turpassi/ | (PANIS)tú+ra/i-pa-si-i | KARKAMIŠ A1a, §32 (Karkamiš) |
| acc. pl. | /turpinzi/ | (PANIS)tu+ra/i-pi-zi | TELL TAYINAT 2, l.2: 2b-a (Amuq) |
| “PANIS”-pi-zi | KARKAMIŠ A29f2, l.2 (Karkamiš) | ||
| (“PANIS”)t[u-...] | MARAŞ 14, §9 (Maraş) | ||
| ? | ? | (PANIS)tú+ra/i-[... | KARKAMIŠ A27tt (Karkamiš) |
The reading of sign *402 as SIGNACULUM follows Payne 2017a:87.
[A.P.] [AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word was largely clear from early on, see Meriggi 1934a:101.Meriggi reads it as */turpa-/ due to an erroneous early reading for the sign 〈pi〉 later corrected, cf. e.g. Laroche 1960c:95 Indeed, the HLuw. spelling does indeed leave only little room for anything else, considering the cognate in Hittite turuppa- ‘bread’ (cf. HEG T:462f.).
In writing, the syllabic form of the word is invariably preceded and sometimes (partly) replaced by the logogram PANIS (sign *181). For an interpretation of the sign *291 as PANIS2 as used in ALEPPO 6, §12, see Payne 2017a:76f.
[AH.B.] [A.P.]
1.1.4Meaning
The semantic interpretation of this word as ‘bread’ has long been clear because of its very pictographic logogram, see Meriggi 1934a:101, which has been followed by scholars ever since. Frequently used in sacrificial contexts, the word is often combined with other items likewise to be offered to the gods. Thus e.g. in KARKAMIŠ A1a, §§32-33: kwa/i-i-sa-pa-wa/i (PANIS)tú+ra/i-pa-si-i *a-wa-tú (PANIS)tú+ra/i-pi-na (LIBARE)sa5+ra/i-la-ta-za-ha (PES2.PES2)pa-ia-tú, approx. /kwis=ba=wa turpasi a=wa=du turpin sarlattan=za=ha payadu/, meaning ‘(He) who (is) of bread (i.e. makes / deals in bread), he shall send bread and an offering to it (scil. the statue of the storm-god)’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:89).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The word is a common gender noun and shows i-mutation.
[AH.B.]