/tummanti-^(ti)/

The 14 attestations of this lexeme occur mainly in Karkamiš, but some can also be found in inscriptions from Maraş and Tabal. The texts all date to the first millennium BCE, ranging between the late 10^th and the late 8^th centuries.

[AH.B.]

3sg. pres. ind. act.	/tummantitti/	AUDIRE+MI-ti-ti	KARKAMIŠ A31+, §14 (Karkamiš)
3sg. pret. ind. act.	/tummantitta/	“AUDIRE+MI”-ti-i-tá	TELL AHMAR 1, §28 (Tell Ahmar)
		AUDIRE-ti-ta	BABYLON 2, §3 (Aleppo)
		AUDIRE+MI-˹ta˺	MARAŞ 3, §2 (Maraş)
3pl. pret. ind. act.	/tummantinta/	AUDIRE+MI-ti-i-ta	KARKAMIŠ A6, §4 (Karkamiš)
			KARKAMIŠ A6, §5 (Karkamiš)
			KARKAMIŠ A6, §6 (Karkamiš)
3sg/pl. pret. ind. act.	/tummanti(n)ta/	AUDIRE+MI-ti-t[a]	KARKAMIŠ A27ff2 (Karkamiš)
3pl. impv. med.	/tummantintaru/	AUDIRE+MI-ta+ra/i-ru	KARKAMIŠ A11b+c, §32 (Karkamiš)
part. nom. sg. c.	/tummantimmis/	AUDIRE+MI-ma-ti-mi-i-sa	KARKAMIŠ A6, §1 (Karkamiš)
		AUDIRE+MI-ti-mi-˹sa4˺	BOHÇA, §1 (Tabal)
		AUDIRE-mi-sà	MARAŞ 1, §1h (Maraş)
		AUDIRE+MI-sa	BOSSERT seal
unclear		AUDIRE+MI	HİSARCIK 2, §1 (Tabal)

The attribution of KARKAMIŠ A11b+c, §32 〈AUDIRE+MI-ta+ra/i-ru〉 to the present lexeme and the phonological interpretation provided follow Hawkins 2000a:107 and Sasseville 2021a:145.

[AH.B.]

The meaning assigned to the present verb was suggested by Hawkins 1975a:151f., after earlier approximative interpretations. E.g. “respecter” by Laroche 1960c:44, and “geschätzt” by Bossert 1951a:46. Hawkins’ interpretation is based on contextual evidence as well as the etymological connection that he points to with CLuw. tumman(t)- ‘ear’ and its word family, and it has been adopted by scholars since. The verb constitutes a basic level term, and its semantic range is therefore likely to be quite broad. Further evidence may result in a clearer description of the denotation; for instance, it cannot be said with certainty at present whether it excludes or includes the more specialised meaning ‘to listen’.

For the combination with the adverb /pari/ ‘before’, Hawkins 2000a:479 (building on Hawkins 1975a:151f.) suggests that the phrase /pari tummantimmis/ means ‘far-famed’.

[AH.B.]

The attestations permit a clear view of the stem formation of the verb, even though much of the beginning of the word is obscured by the consistent logographic spelling and thus has to be extrapolated from the CLuw. cognates. A derivation in /-i-^(ti)/, the present verb is based on the noun /tumman(t)-/ ‘ear’, as such unattested in HLuw., but found in CLuw. tumman(t)- ‘ear’, see Sasseville 2021a:145.

[AH.B.]

Both attestations occur in NS copies from the Kuwattalla tradition.

[E.R.]

3sg. pret. ind. act.	tu-um-ma-an-te-et-ta	KUB 35.43 ii 8	(CTH 761, NS)
3pl. pret. ind. act.	t[u]-u-ma-an-ti-in-ta	KBo 22.254 rev. 12’	(CTH 762, NS)

At KBo 22.254 rev. 12’, Hoffner 1976a:337 restored the form as 3pl. impv. act. [tu]-u-ma-an-ti-in-ta-[ru], but this is incompatible with the relative clause the verb belongs to. – A morphological analysis of tu-um-ma-an-te-et-ta as noun + article at KUB 35.43 ii 8, now outdated, was proposed in Bossert 1952a:208, still followed in DLL:99, HED E and I:459, and Starke 1990a:133f. For a preferable alternative, see under Meaning.

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – For the corruptions of the text, see under Meaning.

[E.R.]

The context of the verb at KUB 35.43 ii 8 is unfortunately highly corrupt and partly destroyed. Nevertheless, it is possible to understand its structure and meaning. The transliteration and translation adopted here follows that of Mouton, Puertóla Rubio & Yakubovich (pers. comm.) prepared for the luwili project:

⁽⁷⁾[ma-a-an t]a-a-ú-wa-ti ku-i-ḫa ma-a-na-ta *ma-a-an* (under erasure) i-iš-ša-ra-ti ku-i-ḫa ⁽⁸⁾[a-a-ia-t]a ma-a-an ta-wa-aš-ša-ti ku-i-ḫa tu-um-ma-an-te-et-ta

“[whether] he saw something with (his) eyes, *whether* he did something with (his) hands, whether he heard something with (his) ears”.

Regardless of whether one interprets tawašša/i- as another word for ‘ear’ (thus Mouton, Puertóla Rubio & Yakkubovich, pers. comm.) or as a mistake for *tummantati ‘with the ears’ (thus CLL:224), it is clear that tummantetta is a 3sg. pret. act. of a verb used in parallel fashion with preceding mānata ‘saw’ and likely [āyat]a ‘did’. Given the semantic context of seeing and the phonological shape of the underlying stem tummanti- there can hardly be any doubt that the word means ‘to hear’ (similarly, but with a different morphological interpretation, already Bossert 1952a:208), and the word is glossed accordingly in the literature (see CLL:233, HED E and I:459, HEG T/D:431f., EDHIL:412, Sasseville 2021a:145).

Melchert 1998f:263 considers the possibility that tummanta(i)-^(di) ‘to hear’ underlying  tummantaimma/i- ‘heard, renowned’ renders an aspectual notion different from that of tūm(m)anti-^(ti). This must remain speculative.

[E.R.]

The endings -etta and -inta point unambiguously to a verb in -i-^(ti), which is most easily assigned to the base tumman(t)- as a denominative derivative.

[E.R.]

1. tummantiyatt(i)-
2. dumantiyala-
3. tummantiya-

For the lemma head, see CLuw. tumman(t)-.