/pazza-(i)/, (PES2)pa-za-
‘to pass, move along, carry’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 3482
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/pazza-(i)/, (PES2)pa-za-
‘to pass, move along, carry’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested three times in inscriptions from Karkamiš, Tabal and Hama, dating from the 9th to the 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3pl. pres. act. | /pazzanti/ | (PES2)pa-˹za˺-ti | MARAŞ 14, §13 (Maraş) |
| 1sg. pret. act. | /pazzahha/ | (PES2)pa-za-ha | KARKAMIŠ A5b, §1 (Karkamiš) |
| KARKAMIŠ A12, §11 (Karkamiš) | |||
| KARKAMIŠ A12, §12 (Karkamiš) | |||
| (PES2)pa-za-hax | SHEIZAR, §2 (Hama) | ||
| 3pl. pret. act. | /pazzanta/ | (“PES2”)pa-za/i-tax | TOPADA, §23 (Tabal) |
This verb has been treated as two different verbs by Yakubovich 2016a:73-81. However, the spelling of the forms proffers no point of differentiation, and neither do the semantics, see the discussions below. The forms listed above are hence assigned to one and the same verb.
[A.P.] [AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this verb appears reasonably straightforward due to its transparent spelling. From a phonological and orthographic perspective, a link with /pa-/ ‘to go’ seems possible, too, but is less easily reconciled with the transitive nature of the verb, cf. the discussion of the meaning below. The logographic determinative PES2 (sign *93) is used with other verbs of motion and transitive movement such as HLuw. /ara-(i)/ ‘to walk’, HLuw. /hinu(wa)-(i)/ ‘to move’, and several more.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The verb remained somewhat opaque for a considerable time, and the interpretation as a motion verb was uttered by Hawkins 2000a:185 passim. Differently, Yakubovich 2016a: 73-81 (following Goedegebuure, eventually published as Goedegebuure 2019a:307f. with reference to Yakubovich) proposes splitting the attestations across two verbs differing in transitivity and meaning ‘to carry’ and ‘to pass’ respectively, but an examination of the contexts does not seem to force such an analysis. Rather, a unified paradigm around a transitive verb works just as well, assuming a basic meaning ‘to move along’, which encompasses ‘to pass’ and ‘to carry’. Thus e.g. KARKAMIŠ A12, §§11-12: *a-wa/i-tú-[ta] (“*350”)á-sa-ha+ra/i-mi-sà (PES2)pa-za-ha (ARMA)wa/i+ra/i-pi-ha-wa/i-tú (“*272”)hara/i-li-ha (ARGENTUM)pi-ia-[ta]ra/i-[…] (PES2)pa-za-ha, approx. /a=wa=du=tta asharimmis pazzahha warpin=ha=wa=du harallin=ha piyattara/in … pazzahha/, translating as ‘I carried blood offerings to him, and I also carried a weapon and haralli- (as?) a donation to him, (and I dropped them off in front of him)’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:114, and see Goedegebuure 2019a:307f.).The other contexts of attestation may translate as: MARAŞ 14, §13: ‘They moved along … before … to the hinuwa-?’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:266); KARKAMIŠ A5b, §1: ‘I, Nunuri, passed the days, (and now, I ended my times)’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:185); SHEIZAR, §2: ‘Because of my loyalty, I passed 100 years’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:417); and TOPADA, §23: ‘And then they moved along a procession with horses down to the Parzantean land’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:453).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The phonological shape of the verb seems to suggest a stem in /-zza-(i)/, possibly deriving from an unattested stem */pad-/. The verb /pa-/ ‘to go’ is an unlikely derivational base because of its intransitivity, and the suffix has not been shown to alter transitivity. The suffix is deverbal and forms inchoatives and imperfectives with some bleaching of those aspects, as mentioned by Yakubovich 2016a:75, also see Sasseville 2021a:439-411.
A cognate link with Hittite pēda-(ḫi) ‘to carry’ is envisaged by Yakubovich 2016a:75f.
[AH.B.]