/hinu(wa)-⁽ⁱ⁾/, hi-nu-wa/i-

The Hieroglyphic Luwian root /hi-/ with semantics of ‘to move, pass’ has so far been isolated. A connection to Lycian xi- ‘to offer in sacrifice’, which would be a phonological match, is semantically difficult. If we project the Luwian root back into Proto-Anatolian, we could choose from a root of the shape *Hei̯-, *Hei̯H- or *Hei̯g/g̑- (with or without aspiration).

[D.S.]

The PIE root *h₂ei̯g- means ‘to move’ (intr.), cf. LIV²:222f. s.v. *Hei̯g-, IEW:13f. s.v. 3.aig-, EIEC:488 s.v. ?*h₁eig-. For the meaning of Gk. αἰγ- ‘wave’, cf. PGerm. *u̯ēǥa- ‘wave, flood, etc.’ (Goth. wegs, ON vágr, OHG wāg, etc.) < *‘movement’ : *u̯eǥe/a- ‘to move’, as per Lühr 2000a:172 s.v. vágr.

In LIV²:222f., a root *Hei̯g- ‘to move’ (intr.) with an unidentified laryngeal is reconstructed. The Germanic material points to a root PGerm. *ai̯k-, cf. Nor. eikja ‘to annoy, pester’ < PGerm. *ai̯ki̯e/a- ‘to irritate’, OE ācol, ācul adj. ‘excited (by fear)’ < PGerm. *ai̯kala-, and ON eikinn adj. ‘wild, furious’ < PGerm. *ai̯kina- (EDPG:10 s.v. *aikjan-). PGerm. *ai̯k- can be traced back to pre-PGerm. *Ha/oi̯k-, with H being presumably either h₂ or h₃, as per LIV²:222 n. 1. The reconstruction of a root *h₂ei̯k- with word-initial h₂ is furthermore compatible with the Anatolian data (with HLuw. /hi-/ ‘to move, pass’) and also supported by Gk. αἰγ- ‘wave’ (and its derivatives), which could continue a root noun PIE *h₂éi̯g- ‘movement’, ‘moving thing’ vel sim.; for the semantics, cf. above sub Semantic Reconstruction. – As far as the verbal stem formation is concerned (LIV²:222f.), a thematic present stem PIE *h₂éi̯g-e/o- lives on in Ved. éjati (intr.) ‘stirs, moves (of wind, forest, sea, etc.)’. Besides, Ved. iṅgáyati ‘causes to move’ points to a thematized nasal-infixed stem *h₂i-n-g-e/o- ← PIE *h₂i-né-g-/*h₂i-n-g-´. A causative stem PIE *h₂oi̯g-éi̯e/o- ‘to cause to move’ might not only be continued by Ved. ejáya- ‘to cause to move, shake’ (LIV²:222), but also by PGerm. *ai̯ki̯e/a- ‘to irritate’ > Nor. eikja ‘to annoy, pester’, as pointed out in EDPG:10 s.v. *aikjan-. Finally, the root is also attested in Anatolian, judging by HLuw. hi-nu-wa/i- = /hinu(wa)-⁽ⁱ⁾/ ‘to move, cause to pass’, which can be analyzed as a formation in /-nu(wa)-/ formed to a HLuw. root /hi-/ ‘to move, pass’ (intr.), cf. above. – Whether the Slavic formations mentioned above in the Transmission are related to PIE *h₂ei̯g-, is uncertain. Derksen, EDSIL:209, considers their etymology to be unclear, adding that “[t]he connection with Skt. éjati ‘move, stir’ < *h₂eig- is semantically unconvincing and formally unattractive because it is in conflict with Winter’s law”. Cf. also LIV²:222 n. 1, expressing the same concerns.

[T.S.]

Ved. éjati pres. (intr.) ‘stirs, moves (of wind, forest, sea, etc.)’ (RV+), iṅgáyati pres. ‘causes to move, puts in motion’ (RV 1.164.45 ná iṅgayanti [né°] ‘they do not cause to move’, etc.), ejayant- caus. ptc. ‘causing to move, shaking’ (KS)Cf., e.g., EWAia I:186 s.v. IṄG, 264 s.v. EJ, LIV²:222 with n. 2–3.

Gk. αἶγες ‘waves’ (αἶγες· τὰ κύματα. Δωριεῖς “αἶγες: waves. Dorians” [Hsch. α 1700]; καὶ γάρ τὰ μεγάλα κύματα αἶγας ἐν τῇ συνηθείᾳ λέγομεν “we usually call large waves αἶγας” [Artem. 2.12]); cf. perhaps also αἰγιαλός sbst. m. ‘sea-shore, beach’ (also a toponym, e.g. the coast of Achaea [Il.+]) and αἰγίς, gen. sg. αἰγίδoς sbst. f. in the meaning ‘storm wind’ (A.) with the denominative verb ἐπ-αιγίζω ‘to rush upon’ (of a stormy wind in Il. 2.148, Od. 15.293)Cf., e.g., GEW I:31 s.v. αἰγιαλός, 32 s.v. αἰγίς, EDG:31f. s.v. αἰγιαλός, 32f. s.v. αἰγίς.

Nor. eikja pres. ‘to annoy, pester’, OE ācol, ācul adj. ‘excited (by fear)’, ON eikinn adj. ‘wild, furious’Cf., e.g., EDPG:10 s.v. *aikjan-.

OCS igrĭ sbst. f. ‘entertainment’, CS igra sbst. f. ‘entertainment, dance, play’, Russ. igrá sbst. f. ‘play(ing), game’, etc.Cf., e.g., EDSIL:209.