/pa-/, (“PES2”)pa-
‘to go’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 3480
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/pa-/, (“PES2”)pa-
‘to go’1.1.1Transmission
This hapax is attested in a single inscription from Assur, dating to the late 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3pl. impv. act. | /pantu/ | (“PES2”)pa-tu | ASSUR letter e, §24 (Assur) |
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
Even though the word is found but once, its phonological interpretation is certain. In addition to being attested in fully syllabic spelling in HLuw., the word has a direct cognate in CLuw. pa-, possibly meaning ‘to move’ (see Sasseville 2021a:355f.).
For a logographic determinative, the word relies on PES2 (sign *93), which is found with a host of verbs from the domain of motion, e.g. HLuw. /ara-(i)/ ‘to walk’, HLuw. /awi-(di)/ ‘to come’, HLuw. /hwiya-(i)/ ‘to run’ and several more.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this word is reasonably certain, because its logographic determinative PES2 strongly suggests that it belongs to the motion verbs, see Hawkins 1979b:154 (followed in Hawkins 2000a:548). Still, further textual data may result in a narrower interpretation instead of the very basic and thus generic ‘to go’, since HLuw. has a different verb with that meaning already and many more attestations, viz. HLuw. /i-(di)/ ‘to go’. The context at ASSUR letter e, §24 supports the assignment: a-wa/i FLUMEN.DOMINUS-ia (“PES2”)pa-tu, approx. /a=wa haba=niya pantu/, meaning ‘(And also, send very good k., very good s.), they shall go to the river-lord!’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:536).
Melchert 2004a:375f. deems the verb transitive and assigns a different meaning (‘to allocate’), because the clause does not include the enclitic subject pronoun obligatory with intransitive motion verbs. However, as Yakubovich 2016a:80 n. 20 points out, the unergativity of the verb as used at ASSUR letter e, §24 serves as a sufficient explanation for the missing subject pronoun.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
Despite the word being a hapax, its assignment to the stem class in /-a-(i)/ is assured, see Sasseville 2021a:355f.
Problematic is the suggestion by Hawkins 1979b:154 (again in Hawkins 2000a:548), who assumes an etymological link with Hittite pai-(mi) ‘to go’, see Yakubovich 2016a:80f. On the other hand, Sasseville 2021a:356 suggests a connection with Hitt. pippa-(̯ḫi) ‘to knock down’, also adducing a potential Vedic cognate.
[AH.B.]