/waralla/i-/
‘own’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Class
- Base
- Grammar
- adj
- ID
- 1255
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/waralla/i-/, wa/i+ra/i-la-
‘own’1.1.1Transmission
The lexeme is attested twice in Amuq and Tabal, where the relevant inscriptions date to the 8th century BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| acc. sg. c. | /warallin/ | wa/i+ra/i-lí-na | TOPADA, §32 (Tabal) |
| nom./acc. sg. n. | /warallan=za/ | wa/i+ra/i-la-za | TELL TAYINAT 2, l. 1 §iv (Amuq) |
| nom./acc. pl. n. | /warallaya/ | wa/i+ra/i-la-ia | KARATEPE Hu., §69 (Cilicia) |
The particular attestation of KARATEPE Hu., §69 could constitute instead a derivation in /-ai(ya)-/ (Yakubovich pers. comm.).
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word is secure. Not only does it show consistent syllabic spelling in HLuw., albeit with the vowel indifferent sign combination 〈wa/i+ra/i〉, but it is also a full cognate of CLuw. waralla/i- ‘one’s own’ (CLL:257) in a less ambiguous writing system.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning was first suggested by Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1975a:129, who compared it to the GKW 
niwaralli- ‘alien, hostile’, based on the KARATEPE Hu., §69 context: wa/i+ra/i-la-ia-wa/i “PORTA”-la-na i-zi-i-wa/i, i.e. /warallaya=wa hilana izziwi/ ‘I shall make the gates my own’. They rightly point out that the Phoenician version states the opposite of the HLuw. clause, instead using the phrase ypʿl l-šʿr zr ‘make the gates alien’. Their suggested interpretation of /waralla/i-/ as ‘own’ has since been borne out by the evidence from further occurrences of the present lexeme as well as other members of the same word family, cf. e.g. Yakubovich 2013b:164f. and Starke 1990a:452 also for function of the privative morpheme /ni-/, more rarely /na-/. Outdated are the interpretations put forward by Meriggi & Poetto 1982a:103f.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The word is an adjective in /-alla/i-/ and thus subject to i-mutation when inflecting according to the common gender paradigm.
[AH.B.]
1.1.6Compounds
1.1.7Derivatives
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
waralla/i-
‘own’1.2.1Transmission
The transmission of the adjective is limited to two MS fragments of a single birth ritual of the Tauriša tradition.
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| acc. sg. | [wa-ra-a]l-li-in | KUB 35.102 iv 2 | (CTH 766, MS) |
| wa-ra-al-li-in | KUB 35.103 ii 14’ | (CTH 766, MS) |
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning
The adjective waralla/i- is used to modify ann(i)- ‘mother’. For the semantic interpretation, it was generally treated together with its antonymic compound 
ni-waralla/i- (see under Lemma). Building on the translation of niwaralla/i- as ‘hostile’ (van Brock 1962a:116), Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1975a:129 consider ‘own, proper’ for CLuw./HLuw. waralla/i-, and explain the meaning ‘alien, hostile’ of niwaralla/i- as a development from ‘not one’s own’ (see also Hawkins 1981a:175; accepted in Starke 1980b:79, Starke 1990a:452, CLL:257, Yakubovich 2013a:164). The meaning ‘one’s own’ that, in this context, distinguishes the biological mother from a foster mother, adds a plausible notion to the sentence.
In contrast, Puhvel (HED N:122) argues that the Hittite root warr- ‘help’ underlies each member of the word family and that the meaning of waralla/i- is ‘caretaker (foster) mother’, while the antonym niwaralla/i- is interpreted as ‘unhelpful, uncaring, heedless’. However, the consistent spelling difference with singleton -r- in waralla/i- and derivatives vs geminate -rr- in the word family of the root warr- ‘to help’ disproves this hypothesis. In addition, the mention of the mother (KUB 35.103 ii 14’) and father (ibid. ii 16’) in two adjacent sentences confirms the above interpretation. [+ Outdated Meriggi 1957a: 202f. n. 26: ‘gehorsam’; DLL:107: “Contraire de niwaralli-?”, for which ibid. 75 “impuissant” is tentatively considered; van Brock 1962a:116f.: ‘fécond’ (vs ‘infécond, stérile’).]
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
The word final suffix -alla/i- allows classifying the word as a mutating stem. Possible bases are a root noun *war- or the primary derivatives *wara/i- and *wara-. Since none of these are attested, the question must remain open.
[E.R.]
1.2.6Compounds
1.2.7Derivatives
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction
The Luwian adjective waralla/i- ‘one’s own’ is found in both Cuneiform and Hieroglyphic Luwian, but does not hay any cognate elsewhere in the Anatolian branch. The word was often connected with the root warr- ‘to help’ (HEG L-P:338-339, HED N:122), which makes difficulties vis-à-vis the single vs. geminate resonant. Frotscher 2012a:176 suggests an etymology with the PIE root *oi̯- (+ suffix -ro-), i.e. ‘one’, assuming that Pre-Luwian *oi̯ becomes Luwian wa. This sound law is not accepted here (see Sasseville 2021a:425-427). Another possibility is a link to the root war- ‘to speak’, if the semantics of waralla/i- < *u̯er-é-lo- ‘the speaking one’ can develop to ‘one’s own’. Since the root is attested only in Luwian, it is possible that the root war- here goes back to *gu̯er- instead of *u̯er-. Therefore, its etymology remains open until further evidence from another Anatolian language surfaces.
[D.S.]