/tabariyalla/i-/
‘pertaining to the command’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Grammar
- adj
- ID
- 3815
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/tabariyalla/i-/, LEPUS2+ra/i-ia-li-
‘governor’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested three times in inscriptions from the Amuq, Karkamiš and Tabal, dating maximally from the 10th to the 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom. sg. | /tabariyallis/ | LEPUS2+ra/i-ia-li-sa | SULTANHAN, §48 (Tabal) |
| LEPUS2+RA/I-sá-[...] | KARKAMIŠ A29a1, l.1 (Karkamiš) | ||
| nom. pl. | /tabariyallinzi/ | LEPUS2+ra/i-ia-li-zi | JISR EL HADID frag. 3, 2. §b (Amuq) |
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this noun is reasonably clear, since it belongs to the word family around /tabar-(ti)/ (or /tabari-(ti)/) ‘to rule’, which is further connected to cognates in CLuw. around /tapar-(ti)/ ‘to rule’ and Hittite tapariya(i)-(mi) ‘to rule’.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning ‘governor’
The meaning of this noun has long been clear. Already Meriggi 1934a:116 suggested a meaning from the semantic sphere of authority (“rex (sacrorum)”), and Laroche 1960c:74 records ‘governor’. While two of the three contexts of attestation are fragmented, SULTANHAN, §48 presents a largely intact context with a curse formula: ni-pa-wa/i-sa-´ LEPUS+ra/i-ia-li-sa, approx. /niba=wa=as tabariyallis/, meaning ‘whether he (be) a governor, (whether he be a king)’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:467).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
This noun represents a substantivised adjective in /-alla/i-/, derived from the also attested noun /tabariya-/ ‘command’. The suffix was used to form adjectives of appurtenance, many of which were later turned into nouns, cf. e.g. Sasseville 2014-2015a:110; the suffix is no longer productive in HLuw. (see Bauer 2014a:163f.). As a result, a new adjective was formed on the basis of the secondary noun with a different, productive suffix, viz. /tabariyalli(ya)-/ ‘gubernatorial, governor’s’.
[AH.B.]
1.1.6Derivatives
1.2 Luwian in Hittite transmission
tapariyalla/i-
‘pertaining to the command, commander’1.2.1Transmission
The lexeme is well attested in the prayer of Arnuwanda I and Ašmunikkal to the Sun-goddess of Arinna concerning the Kaskeans, in a letter pertaining to the Kaskeans, and in the indictment of Madduwatta in relation to a commander of Pitašša, from the Middle Hittite period and on.
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| nom. sg. or pl. (?) | LÚta-pa-ri-ia-[li-e]š | HFAC 72 ii? 3’ | (CTH 375, NS) |
| nom. pl. (Hitt.) | LÚ.MEŠta-pa-ri-ia-li-eš | HFAC 72 ii? 5’ | (CTH 375, NS) |
| LÚ.MEŠta-pa-ri-ia-li-eš | KBo 67.56, 4’ | (CTH 375, MS) | |
| LÚ.MEŠta-pa-ri-ia-li-i-e-e[š] | KUB 31.124 iv 3 | (CTH 375, MS) | |
| [LÚ].MEŠta-pa-ri-ia-al-˹li-e˺-[eš] | KUB 31.124 iv 5 | (CTH 375, MS) | |
| [LÚ.MEŠt]a-pa-ri-ia-˹al-li˺-e-eš | KUB 31.124 iv 7 | (CTH 375, MS) | |
| LÚ.MEŠta-pa-ri-ia-li-i-e-eš | KUB 48.107 i 12 | (CTH 375, NS) | |
| LÚ.MEŠta-pa-ri-˹li˺-eš | KUB 48.107 i 7 | (CTH 375, NS) | |
| [L]Ú.MEŠta-pa-ri-ia-li-eš | KUB 48.107 i 2, 10 | (CTH 375, NS) | |
| LÚ.MEŠda-pa-r[i-ia-al-li-e-eš(?)] | KBo 18.32, 10’ | (CTH 209, NS) | |
| acc. pl. (?) (Hitt.) | ⸢LÚ⸣ta-pa-ri-ia-al-⸢li⸣-[uš?] | KBo 19.38 rev. 39 | (CTH 147, MS) |
| abl./instr. (Hitt.) | [LÚ.MEŠt]a-⸢pa-ri-ia-li-it⸣ | KBo 52.15b, 1’ | (CTH 375, NS) |
| [LÚ.MEŠ]ta-pa-ri-ia-li-i[t] | KBo 52.15b, 2’ | (CTH 375, NS) | |
| [LÚ.M]EŠta-pa-ri-ia-li-i[t] | KBo 52.15b, 3’ | (CTH 375, NS) | |
| [LÚ.M]EŠta-pa-ri-ia-li-[it] | KBo 52.15b, 4’ | (CTH 375, NS) | |
| [LÚ.M]EŠta-pa-ri-ia-l[i-it] | KBo 52.15b, 5’ | (CTH 375, NS) | |
| LÚ.MEŠta-pa-[ri-ia-li-it] | KBo 52.15a, 6’ | (CTH 375, NS) | |
| LÚ.MEŠ⸢ta⸣-pa-[ri-ia-li-it] | KBo 52.15a, 7’ | (CTH 375, NS) | |
| LÚ.MEŠta-pa-ri-i[a-li-it] | KBo 52.15, 8’, 9’ | (CTH 375, NS) |
A representative number of attestations has been selected for the table above.
[D.S.]
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.*
[D.S.]
1.2.4Meaning
Interestingly, the word tapariyalla/i- is mostly used in relation to Kaskean men or once to someone from Pidašša, yet nobody in Ḫattuša has so far been found to bearing this “title”. Basically, the adjective tapariyalla/i- is a Luwian formation in -alla/i- derived from the action noun tapariya- c. ‘command’, i.e. ‘pertaining to the command, (sbst.) commander’ (thus already Götze 1928a:138, HEG T, D:119, van Brock 1962a:105, von Schuler 1965a:164, Pecchioli Daddi 1982a:437, thus also EDHIL:830, albeit taking the formation in -alla/i- to be deverbal, although there is evidence only for a denominal function).The meaning was confirmed by a bilingual passage featuring the parallel formation LÚ.MEŠtapariyašša/i-; see under lemma.
[D.S.]
1.2.5Stem
For the morphological analysis, see under Meaning.
[D.S.]
1.2.6Origin
The Luwian origin of the lexeme is obvious not only from its morphology (i.e. adjectival suffix -alla/i- etymologically matching the Hittite genitival morpheme -ēl), but also from its appurtenance to the Luwian word family of tapar-; see under lemma head. Thus also Melchert 2005a:4 “Luwianism”.
[D.S.]
*The forms in the table were checked together with Marian Wehrstein.
For the lemma head see CLuw. tapar-(ti).