/harra(/i)-/, (“VITIS”)há+ra/i-
‘crushing’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 3741
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/harra(/i)-/, (“VITIS”)há+ra/i-
‘crushing’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested twice in two parallel inscriptions from Cilicia, dating to the early 7th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| dat./loc. sg. | /harri/ or /harra/ | (“VITIS”)há+ra/i | KARATEPE 1 (Hu.), §48 (Cilicia) |
| (“VITIS”)há〈+ra/i〉 | KARATEPE 1 (Ho.), §48 (Cilicia) |
Since the two version of KARATEPE 1 run parallel, it is reasonable to emend the Ho. version at §48 to (“VITIS”)há〈+ra/i〉.
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The two attestations leave some room for interpretation, and the phonological shape suggested for this noun should therefore be seen as tentative, even though it belongs to the word family around /h(ar)ra-(di)/ ‘to crush’. While a geminate /rr/ is secure due to what appears to be a direct cognate in CLuw. na4ḫarra- ‘grindstone’, the HLuw. stem-final vowel may either be /a/ or /i/, the vocalically underspecified sign 〈+ra/i〉 (sign *383) can represent either, cf. Melchert 1988b:220. Melchert 1988b:221 assumes a connection with Hittite ḫalki- ‘grain, barley; crop’, whereas Hawkins 2000a:460 assumes a cognate link with Hittite ḫarra-(ḫi) ‘to smash, crush’ for the related verb /h(ar)ra-(di)/ ‘to crush’.
Use of the logogram VITIS (*160) indicates the domain of application for the word in the context of attestation, see the discussion of the meaning below.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The semantic interpretation of this word rests on etymological and contextual considerations. The putative link with the verb /harra-(di)/ ‘to crush’ finds ample support in the context of attestation in KARATEPE 1 (Hu.), §48: wa/i-na i-zi-sa-tu-na ta-ia (“FLUMEN”)há-pa+ra/i-sá OMNIS.MI-i-sá (ANNUS)u-si mara/i BOS.ANIMA-sá (*486)kwa/i-tu-na-ha (OVIS.ANIMA)há-wa/i-sá (“VITIS”)há+ra/i-ha OVIS.ANIMA-wa/i-sa, approx. /wa=an izzistuna taya habadis tanimis ussi mari wawis kwaruna=ha hawis harri=ha hawis/, meaning ‘The entire river-land will begin to honour him: during the year an ox and at the cutting (= harvest?) a sheep and the crushing (= vintage) a sheep’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:54, 64, Bauer 2020a:56).
A previous interpretation by Bossert 1953a:316 fixed the word with the meaning ‘autumn’.Due to an erroneous assumption regarding a loss of /w/, he connected the word etymologically to Old High German herbist and therefore also English harvest. While the vintage undoubtedly takes place in autumn and thereby implies that season, it cannot be taken for granted that it is the regular word for ‘autumn’. Thus, the more literal meaning ‘crushing’ is given preference here, although further textual evidence may require a reassessment.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
Although it does not become obvious from the attestations, the present word is probably a common gender noun. It appears to constitute an action noun in /-a-/ from the root verb cognate to Hitt. ḫarra-(ḫi) ‘to crush’ (cf. Melchert 2003b:195); less likely from HLuw. /h(ar)ra-(di)/, if it is a denominative verb. However, this cannot be proven until other slots of the paradigm are found attested.
[AH.B.]
1.1.6Derivatives
1.1.6.1Uncertain Derivatives
For the lemma head, see HLuw. */harra-(i)/.