/har(rat)t(i)-/, (“*272”)ha+ra/i-ti-
‘sword (?)’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 3744
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/har(rat)t(i)-/, (“*272”)ha+ra/i-ti-
‘sword (?)’1.1.1Transmission
This hapax is attested in a single inscription from Assur, dating to the late 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| acc. sg. | /har(rat)tin/ | (“*272”)ha+ra/i-ti | ASSUR letter d, §8 (Assur) |
The attestation at ASSUR letter d, §8 is followed by a chain of particles: 〈-ha-wa/i-mu〉, i.e. /=ha=wa=mu/ ‘and to me’ with the quotative particle intervening. Since the first particle begins with a consonant, the final /-n/ of the preceding word is dropped in writing.
[A.P.] [AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The assignment of a phonological shape to this word is provisional, because the HLuw. spelling leaves considerable room for interpretation. Which shape is preferred very much depends on the choice of cognates in the other Anatolian languages. If the word should belong to the family around CLuw. ḫarra- ‘to crush (?)’ (see CLL:57 and Yakubovich 2015a:47), it would most likely be /harratt(i)-/. If not, or the derivational history is different, the shapes /hart(ti)-/ and /hratt(i)-/ are possible as well.
The logogram *272 is usually transcribed as SCUTUM (‘shield’) because of its use in the bilingual KARATEPE 1 inscription,See HLuw. /harrall(i)-/ ‘(a type of weapon)’ for a detailed discussion. but the shape of the sign resembles a weapon more than anything else, cf. Yakubovich 2015a:47 and Yakubovich 2019a:545, 547f., the latter advocating for altering the designation of sign *272.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this word is not entirely clear, a tentative ‘sword (?)’ is assigned by Yakubovich (pers. comm.), whereas Hawkins 2000a:535 assumes ‘(type of) shield’ because of the logogram used for determinative. Logogram *272 was identified as SCUTUM on the basis of the possibly related word /harrall(i)-/ at KARATEPE 1 Hu., §10, spelt 〈(〈“〉*272”)hara/i-li-pa-wa/i-ta〉, which may translate Phoenician mgn ‘shield’. It should be noted, however, that the HLuw. and Phoenician versions of KARATEPE 1 do not run entirely parallel in this section. Rather, the contents of the HLuw. clauses §9 and §10 appear in reverse order in the Phoenician version,Bossert 1948a:170, 186 did not realise this at first and therefore translated the HLuw. version in accordance with the Phoenician order. and there has been some scholarly debate upon the primacy of the texts, see e.g. Yakubovich 2015a:44-48.
The word occurs in one of the ASSUR letters, which likely represent trade communication. ASSUR letter d appears to contain request for military equipment, and §8 reads: (“*272”)ha+ra/i-ti-ha-wa/i-mu hara/i-li-na sa-na-wa/i-zi-na-i VIA-wa/i-ni, approx. /har(rat)tin=ha=wa=mu harrallin sanawizzin harwanni/, translating as ‘And send me a sword (?) (and/as) a good (kind of weapon)’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:535, 546).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The attestation shows the word to be a common gender noun with i-mutation. Since the phonological interpretation is less than secure, the morphology of the word is difficult to assess. In the case of /harratt(i)-/, a denominal formation in /-att(i)-/ seems likely from the noun /harra(/i)-/ ‘crushing’, which has also given rise to /harrall(i)-/ ‘(type of weapon)’, see Yakubovich 2015a:47 and Yakubovich 2015b:6.2. If the word should have the shape /hart(ti)-/, however, a substantivised adjective in /-tta/i-/ is possible (cf. Melchert 2003b:196).
[AH.B.]
For the lemma head, see HLuw. */harra-(i)/.