/harralla/i-/, (“*272”)hara/i-li-
‘(a type of weapon)’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 3743
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/harralla/i-/, (“*272”)hara/i-li-
‘(a type of weapon)’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested four times in inscriptions from Assur, Karkamiš‚ and Cilicia dating from the 10th or early 9th century to the early 7th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| acc. sg. | /harrallin/ | (〈“〉*272”)hara/i-li | KARATEPE 1 (Hu.) §10 (Cilicia) |
| hara/i-li-na | ASSUR letter d, §8 (Assur) | ||
| dat./loc. sg. | /harralli/ | (“*272”)hara/i-li | KARATEPE 1 (Hu.) §10 (Cilicia) KARKAMIŠ A12, §12 (Karkamiš) |
The word occurs twice in the clause at KARATEPE 1 (Hu.) § 10. The first occurrence is followed by a particle chain, 〈-pa-wa/i-ta〉, i.e. /=ba=wa=tta/, and therefore regularly misses the accusative -n before the consonant-initial first particle.
Possibly, a word attested at KARKAMIŠ A17a, side B should be included in the above table: 〈ha+ra/i-li-s[a?]〉. However, the context is too fragmented to permit any conclusions. The word appears to be used as an epithet to the name of the storm-god Tarhunt, i.e. ‘Tarhunza of the harralli-weapon’, cf. Hawkins 2000a:192 and Hutter-Braunsar 2015a:217.
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word is reasonably certain, resting on the connection with the family around the verb /h(ar)ra-(di)/ ‘to crush’, with a cognate in CLuw. ḫarra- ‘to crush (?)’ (Yakubovich 2015a:47, reiterated in Yakubovich 2019a:548), cf. the discussion of the stem below. Particularly the shape of the suffix /-alla/i-/ is well-known from many other formations.Previous interpretations as /harl(i)-/, see Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 1986a:72, seem less convincing.
The logogram *272 is usually transcribed as SCUTUM (‘shield’), but the shape of the sign resembles a weapon, specifically a sword, more than anything else, cf. Yakubovich 2019a:548 incl. n. 20, who advocates for abandoning that rendition; see also the discussion of the meaning below.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The word has long been taken to mean ‘shield’, and the logogram *272 was identified as SCUTUM on the basis of the present word at KARATEPE 1 Hu., §10, because it was taken to translate Phoenician mgn ‘shield’. It should be noted, however, that the HLuw. and Phoenician versions of KARATEPE 1 do not run entirely parallel in this section. Rather, the contents of the HLuw. clauses §9 and §10 appear in reverse order in the Phoenician version,Bossert 1948a:170, 186 did not realise this at first and therefore translated the HLuw. version in accordance with the Phoenician order. and there has been some scholarly debate upon the primacy of the texts, see e.g. Yakubovich 2015a:44-48. Doubts over the meaning ‘shield’ were voiced already by Morpurgo Davies 1986a:72, who assumed a contextually different meaning such as ‘protection’ vel sim. for the occurrence in KARATEPE 1. Hutter-Braunsar 2015a:217 n. 42 notes that, if the word does in fact appear as an epithet to the name of the storm-god Tarhunt, a denotation from the field of weapons would be expected.
Because of the shape of *272 and the same context, Yakubovich 2015a:47f. (and again Yakubovich 2019a:545, 547f.) comes to the conclusion that the word in fact represents not so much a specific weapon, but a hyperonym such as ‘weapon’ in general, or a type of weapon. KARATEPE 1 (Hu.) §10 runs: (〈“〉*272”)hara/i-li-pa-wa/i-ta (“*272”)hara/i-li SUPER+ra/i-ta i-zi-i-há, approx. /harrallin=ba=wa=tta harralli sarranta izziha/, meaning ‘(I made horse upon horse, I made army upon army,) I made harralli-weapon upon harralli-weapon’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:49f.).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
From a morphological point of view, the word most likely represents a substantivised adjective in /-alla/i-/, derived from the noun /harra(/i)-/ ‘crushing’, cf. Yakubovich 2015a:47.
[AH.B.]
For the lemma head, see HLuw. */harra-(i)/.