/hassusr(i)-/, (MAGNUS.DOMINA)ha-su-sa5+ra/i-
‘queen’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst, c.
- ID
- 3438
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/hassusr(i)-/, (MAGNUS.DOMINA)ha-su-sa5+ra/i-
‘queen’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested twelve times in inscriptions from Hama, Karabel, Tabal, the Amuq and Karkamiš, dating from the second half of the 13th to the second half of the 8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| nom. sg. | /hassusris/ | (MAGNUS.DOMINA)ha-su-sa5+ra/i-sa | MEHARDE, §6 (Hama) |
| MEHARDE, §8 (Hama) | |||
| (FEMINA)ha-su-sa5+ra/i-sa | KULULU 5, §7b (Tabal) | ||
| (DOMINA)ha-su-sa5+ra/i-sa | SHEIZAR, §7 (Hama) | ||
| MAGNUS.DOMINA-sa5+ra/i-sa | KARKAMIŠ A23, §3 (Karkamiš) | ||
| MAGNUS.DOMINA | KARAKUYU-TORBALI, §1 (Karabel) | ||
| FRAKTİN, §4 (Tabal) | |||
| acc. sg. | /hassusrin/ | MAGNUS.DOMINA-sa5+ra/i-na | KARKAMIŠ A23, §10 (Karkamiš) |
| dat./loc. sg. | /hassusri/ | MAGNUS.DOMINA-sa5+ra/i-i | KIRÇOĞLU, §2 (Amuq) |
| (MAGNUS.DOMINA)ha-su-sa5+ra/i-[i?] | KARKAMIŠ A25a, §6 (Karkamiš) | ||
| MAGNUS.DOMINA | KARKAMIŠ A31+, §7 (Karkamiš) | ||
| gen. adj. | /hassusras(sa)/ | (MAGNUS.DOMINA)ha-su-sa5+ra/i-sa | MEHARDE, §1 (Hama) |
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word is reasonably certain, insofar as it is attested several times in fully syllabic spelling. However, the shortcomings of the HLuw. writing system are not mitigated here by evidence from other languages with more precise spelling, for neither CLuw. nor Hittite provide syllabic spellings of this word. In fact, the phonological form for Hittite *ḫaššušara- is posited based on a number of personal names (already mentioned by Kronasser 1956a:91, 228; more recently see Zehnder 2010a:149-151 and cf. the summary in EDHIL:328). From the HLuw. spelling, it cannot be said with any certainty whether the second /a/ is real in the HLuw. form, i.e. /hassusar(i)-/ or /hassusr(i)-/. Some (but not all!) of the Hittite personal names suggest it to be phonologically real. But considering the morphological structure of the word, an interpretation as /hassusr(i)-/ is more likely, since the similar formation /nanasr(i)-/ ‘sister’ features no additional /a/ in the suffix in CLuw. nanašri(ya)- ‘of a sister’ (see CLL:154 and Dunkel 2016a:39). It is possible that the second /a/ arose later due to anaptyxis.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this word has been clear for a long time because of its expressive logogram DOMINA (sign *15) and MAGNUS.DOMINA (sign *16), see Ménant 1895a:74 and 103.Caution is advised regarding the sign list included in Ménant 1895a:93-112, which was a first attempt and does not contain much besides some logograms that has survived further scrutiny, especially since the subsequent discovery of the Hittite capital and the decipherment of the cuneiform texts some 20 years later. Besides the logographic determiner, the meaning of the word is also supported etymologically by way of its transparent morphology, and the contexts of attestation support the interpretation. A typical example here is KARKAMIŠ A23, §10: *a-wa/i-ta (DEUS)ku+AVIS-pa-na kar-ka-mi-si-za-na(URBS) MAGNUS.DOMINA-sa5+ra/i-na POST-ni SOLIUM-nu-wa/i-ha, approx. /a=wa=tta Kubaban Karkamisizzan hassusrin appanni isnuwahha/, meaning ‘I re-established Kubaba, queen of Karkamiš’ (Hawkins 2000a:119). Further confirmation comes from the contextual contrast in the protasis of the curse formula in KULULU 5, §7a+b: wa/i-sá ni-i REX-ti-sá ni-pa-wa/i-sá (FEMINA)ha-su-sa5+ra/i-sa, approx. /wa=as ni hantawattis niba=wa=as hassusris/, translating as ‘whether he (is) a king, or she a queen’ (Hawkins 2000a:485).
For the most part, /hassusr(i)-/ is used together with deity names, see Giusfredi 2010b:109f. and Hutter-Braunsar 2015a:208, 211f.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The word is a derivation in /-sr(i)-/ from a stem /hassu-/, only attested with the meaning ‘family’ in HLuw., but found in Hittite ḫaššu- ‘king’, see e.g. Melchert 2003b:196, following Oettinger 1986:122f. apud Szemerényi 1977:34f. and 38f.For an overview of the word family mainly in Hittite but with consideration of some other Anatolian data, cf. Weitenberg 1984a:158-163. The resulting noun is evidently common gender and generally assumed to undergo i-mutation. Since the word-final syllable is spelt with the vocalically ambiguous sign 〈+ra/i〉, the supposition of i-mutation is based on the dat./loc. sg. form ending in /-i/.
[AH.B.]
For the lemma head, see [X] HLuw. /has(s)a-(i)/.