PES2.PES2-tà-
‘to walk’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 3053
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
PES2.PES2-tà-
‘to walk’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested seven times in inscriptions from Karkamiš, Cilicia, Hama, Tabal and Tell Ahmar, dating from the late 10th or early 9th to the early 7th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| 1sg. pres. act. | /…-dawi/ | PES2-tà-wa/i-i | KARKAMIŠ A1a, §5 (Karkamiš) |
| 3sg. pres. act. | /…-daya/ | PES2.PES2-tà-ia | BOR, §5 (Tabal) |
| 3pl. pres. act. | /…-danti/ | PES2.PES2-tà-ti-i | ALEPPO 2, §4 (Tell Ahmar) |
| PES2.PES2-tà-ti | KARATEPE 1 (Hu.), §35 (Cilicia) | ||
| PES2.PES2-ti | KARKAMIŠ A31+, §8 (Karkamiš) | ||
| 3sg. pret. act. | /…-datta/ | PES2-tà-ta | HAMA 4, §3 (Hama) |
| 3pl. pret. act. | /…-danta/ | “PES2.PES2”-tà-ta | BOHÇA, §10 (Tabal) |
It is not entirely clear if the forms listed above do in fact belong to one and the same verb, following Hawkins 2000a:63. It is possible that two separate verbs should be assumed to exist, one spelt 〈PES2-tà-〉, the other 〈PES2.PES2-tà-〉. However, since the stem class and the meaning are identical as far as can be ascertained, the different spellings are grouped together for now. Further textual evidence may necessitate a reappraisal.
[A.P.] [AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this verb is unknown, as the syllabically rendered parts do not correspond to any of the other verbs spelt with the sign PES2 (sign *93). The logogram PES2 is found with a host of other words, mostly motion verbs, e.g. /awi-(di)/ ‘to come’, /i-(di)/ ‘to go’, and /pazza-(i)/ ‘to carry, move along’ etc. The repetition of the logogram may indicate a reduplicated verbal stem, but only a fully syllabic rendition can prove that.
A link with /ta-(i)/ ‘to stand’ as envisaged by Melchert (apud Hawkins 2000a:63) is unlikely for both phonological and semantic reasons, see Rieken 2008b:644.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this verb is clearly one of motion, which becomes evident from the use of the logogram PES2, and the contexts of attestation suggest likewise, see Hawkins 1981a:156f. Thus, KARKAMIŠ A31+, §8 runs: wa/i-tú REX-zi GRAVIS-wa/i-zi-ha DOMINUS-zi “ADORARE”-su-na a-ta-na PES2.PES2-ti, approx. /wa=du hantawattinzi kwanzuwinzi=ha nanninzi …-suna antan …-danti/, translating as ‘(… I, Kamani the loyal, made this precious place for the goddess Kubaba, queen of Karkamiš), and kings and important masters walk into it to pray’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:142). The context at KARATEPE 1 (Hu.), §35 has proved rather more difficult, because the Phoenician version of the clause is worded in a different way, cf. Bossert 1950-1951a:280 and see Hawkins 2000a:63 with references.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
Even though much of the form of the verb is unclear, it can still be assigned to a stem class. The attestations show that it belongs to the class in /-a-(i)/, cf. Sasseville 2021a:340-342.
[AH.B.]