/niyazza-(i)/, (CRUS+CRUS)ni-za-
‘to pass on’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 2806
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/niyazza-(i)/, (CRUS+CRUS)ni-za-
‘to pass on’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested ten times in inscriptions from Karkamiš dating maximally to the period 10th or early 9th to the mid-8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3sg. pres. act. | /nizzai/ | (CRUS+CRUS)ni-za-ia | KARKAMIŠ A6, §25 (Karkamiš) |
| /niyazzai/ | CRUS.CRUS[(-)ni?]-ia-za-i | KARKAMIŠ A11b+c. §21 (Karkamiš) | |
| CRUS[+CRUS(-)ni?]-za-ia-’ | KARKAMIŠ A27e (frag. 2), §3 (Karkamiš) | ||
| “CRUS+CRUS”-i | KARKAMIŠ A31+, §11 (Karkamiš) | ||
| CRUS.CRUS-i | KARKAMIŠ A11a, §21 (Karkamiš) | ||
| [CRUS.]CRUS?-˹i˺-’ | PANCARLI, §2 (Sam´al-Y´DY) | ||
| “[CR]US+CR[US”…] | KARKAMIŠ A26c, l. 2 (Karkamiš) | ||
| 3sg. pret. act. | /niyazzatta/ | CRUS.CRUS-ta | KARKAMIŠ A11a, §13 (Karkamiš) |
| unclear | “CRUS.CR[US]”[…] | ALEPPO 3, §5 (?) | |
| “CRUS.CRUS”[…] | GELB, side B, l. 2 (?) |
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word is reasonably clear, although it is attested in fully syllabic spelling only a few times, once showing syncope while the unsyncopated attestations are all damaged. It is, also through its spelling with the logogram CRUS.CRUS (sign *86), part of the word family around an otherwise unattested base */niya-/, very likely cognate with Hittite nāi-/ni(ya)-(ḫi) ‘to turn; (with parā) to send’, see Hawkins 1980d:128 and Sasseville 2021a:445, which supports the glide /-iya-/ postulated for the unsyncopated forms. Furthermore, a link with the noun /niya-/ ‘lord’ and related words is likewise probable (thus suggested by Yakubovich 2019a:554 n. 67).
It is possible, but cannot be proven, that the mainly logographic spellings represent a reduplicated form /niniya-/ or /niniyazza-/ (thus reported in Hawkins 1980d:128 as a tentative idea by Starke; see also for a first mention of the reduplications van Brock 1964a:124, 139).
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning ‘to pass on’
A meaning ‘to follow’ was first proposed for this verb by Hawkins 1980d:128 on the basis of the likely cognate Hittite nāi-/ni(ya)-(ḫi) ‘to turn; (with parā) to send’. Later studies refined the meaning to ‘to pass on’, see Sasseville 2021a:445. However, the verb is nearly always combined with /parran/, mostly a preverb, but also as an adverb or postposition. With /parran/ as a preverb, the verb denotes ‘to pass down’, but quite often it is not clear whether it constitutes a genuine preverb or not, although that does not appear to change the semantics of the clause. E.g. in KARKAMIŠ A11a, §13, an analysis as a postposition is rather likely: za-ia-ha-wa/i “PORTA”-la/i/u-na á-ma AVUS-ti-ia *a-mu PRAE-na CRUS.CRUS-ta, approx. /zaya=ha=wa hilana amma huhadiya ammu parran niyazzatta/, meaning ‘And (when eventually) these gates of my grandfather(s) passed down to me’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:95 following Meriggi 1967b:59), in which it is likely that the orthotone pronoun /ammu/ is governed by /parran/ as a postposition.As a neuter, the nom./acc. pl. /zaya hilana amma huhadiya/ ‘these gates of my grandfather(s)’ can be either the subject or the object of the clause; if the latter, the subject would go unexpressed except in the verbal ending and probably represent the storm-god mentioned two clauses previously.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The verb is formed with the suffix /-zza-(i)/, which is used to build what appear to be iterativesScholars have suggested a number of functions for this suffix, but a comprehensive analysis is lacking as of yet, see Sasseville 2021a:439 also for references. from existing verbs (see Hawkins 1980d:128 and more recently Sasseville 2021a:445). The derivational base verb */niya-/ has so far gone unattested in HLuw., but it served as a basis for several other derivations belonging to the same family. Moreover, a likely cognate is also the noun /niya-/ ‘lord’ and related words (thus suggested by Yakubovich 2019a:554 n. 67). It is possible that the verb /na-/, whose meaning may be ‘to lead, to drive (?)’, is a root cognate of the unattested verb */niya-/, representing the full grade formation.
[AH.B.]
For the lemma head see HLuw. */niya-(i)/.