*nói̯h1-/nih1-´
‘to turn’
- Language
- Proto-Anatolian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 2800
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
*/niya-(i)/
‘to turn’1.1.1Derivatives
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
nai-/niya-(i)
‘to turn’1.2.1Transmission
The hapax is found in a song incipit from a NS copy of the OH Ištanuwa festival.
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| part. nom./acc. sg. n. | na-im-ma-an-za | KUB 25.39 iv 10 | (CTH 773, NS) |
For the first tentative identification as a participial form, see DLL:73.
[E.R.]
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning
The song incipit, which offers only a short context, runs as follows: pa-a-ta a-ú-i-du za-ar!-ni-ia pár-ḫa-ad-du na-im-ma-an-za ki.min “and let him come chase it, the (re)turned, to the zarniya, ditto” (KUB 25.39 iv 9f., broadly following Sasseville 2021a:408, contrary to Tischler’s translation in HEG:W-Z 673, which is syntactically impossible). The semantic interpretation is neither contradicted nor supported by the context, but allowing for the possibility that also the strong stem of the inherited verb of the originally ablauting -ai-/-i(ya)- class is still in use in Ištanuwa Luwian (cf. pāyu, see under the lemma of CLuw. piya-(i) ‘to give’), the stem naimma/i- is perfectly suitable by its appearance for a participle of nai-/ni(ya)- ‘to turn’ (Sasseville 2021a:408; without translation DLL:73, CLL:153, HHw:110).
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
For the identification as a putative participle with the common suffix -mma/i-, see under Forms and Meaning.
[E.R.]
1.2.6Derivatives
1.2.6.1Rejected Derivatives
nani- or 1.3 Lycian B
*nije-(ti)
‘to turn’1.3.1Derivatives
1.4 Palaic
nāi-/niya-(i)
‘to turn’1.4.1Transmission
This lexeme is found in a fragmentary song attributed here to the Palaic language.
[D.S.]
1.4.2Forms
| 3sg. pres. ind. med. | na-a-ia-ri | KBo 19.160 iii 2 | (CTH 754, NS) |
CHD L-N:349 also recognizes this word as a 3sg. pres. med. related to Hitt. nāi-/ni(ya)-(ḫi), but acknowledges that the passage in which nāiari is found may not be Hittite.
[D.S.]
1.4.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photograph in the Konkrodanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv).
[D.S.]
1.4.4Meaning
The medio-passive form appears to be transitive, which would imply a medial use, i.e. in one’s own interest: ˹šal?-li?˺-i-na-a[n=n]u-ar na-a-ia-ri[ … ] ‘He turns for himself the šalinan…’. Apart from the etymological connection with Hitt. nāi-/ni(ya)-(ḫi) ‘to turn’, nothing certain can be obtained for the semantics, especially since the meaning of the direct object is unknown (see Pal. šalina-).
[D.S.]
1.4.5Stem
A root verb of the ḫi-conjugation is assumed based on the comparative evidence.
[D.S.]
1.5 Hittite
nāi-/-i(ya)-(ḫi)
‘to turn, (+parā) to send’1.5.1Literature / Comments
CHD L-N:347-364
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘to turn’
The root of the Hittite verb nāi-/-i(ya)-(ḫi) ‘to turn’ has been traditionally reconstructed as *nei̯h1/3 (Oettinger 1979a:481f., Jasanoff 2003a:93, EDHIL:599, see HEG N:256 for a summary of the older literature). Sasseville 2021a:429-437 argues for a root-final laryngeal 1, based on the theoretical model that the stem class in *-āi-/-i(ya)- has its origin in roots ending with *-i̯h1. Because of this approach, we have to reject the hypothesis of Kloekhorst & Lubotsky 2014a of reconstructing a root *(s)neh1- instead. This prime motivation for suggesting a new root comes from their expectation of the development of a diphthong in a sequence *-oi̯H- as Hitt. -ē-, with which we disagree. Moreover, the other Anatolian comparanda, which are omitted in their paper, do not favor a root *(s)neh1-.
Concerning the exact verbal stem formation, a root verb of the ḫi-conjugation with o/zero-ablaut is assumed by Oettinger 2002b:xxviii, Frotscher 2012a:148, Sasseville 2021a:432 (cf. also Kloekhorst & Lubotsky 2014a:130), whereas Jasanoff 2003a:93 uses a o/e-ablaut (a theoretical ablaut type not adopted here). Therefore, the root verb of the ḫi-conjugation drawn from Hitt. nāi-/-i(ya)-(ḫi), CLuw. naimma/i- and Pal. nāiari is reconstructed here as PAnat. *nói̯h1-/nih1-´ ‘to turn’.One should also compare the Proto-Anatolian reconstruction of Hitt. nanna-/-i(ya)-(ḫi) (see CLuw. nanna-(i)).
For the Indo-Iranian cognates, see LIV²:450f.Contra LIV² ibid., the meaning ‘to lead’ in Hittite is secondary and comes from the meaning ‘to turn (tr.)’ (see CHD L-N:347f.). Therefore, ‘to lead’ is not likely to be the original meaning of the root.
[D.S.]