*noi̯h1-ādn-ói̯h1-/-ih1

‘to drive, lead’

Language
Proto-Anatolian
Grammar
verb
ID
2802

1. Individual Anatolian Languages

1.1 Cuneiform Luwian

nanna-(i)

‘to lead (?)’

1.1.1Transmission

The sole attestation of the word comes from a song incipit cited in an Ištanuwa festival text.

[E.R.]

1.1.2Forms

2sg. impv. act. na-an-na-a KUB 25.39, 27’ (CTH 773, NS)

1.1.3Graphic Features

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv.

[E.R.]

1.1.4Meaning

The verb is part of a sequence of 2sg. impv. forms (see CLL:128, 154, 239, 272): (26’)... li-lu-u-wa ta-a-in mi-mi-en tu-u-wa-a (27’)li-lu-u-wa-a li-lu-u-wa i-ia-a na-an-na-a l[i-...], which Sasseville 2021a:515 (following CLL:s.v.) renders as “Pour the oil, place the mimin, pour (it), pour (it), take (it), lead (it) [...].” The translations of the last two verbs are necessarily etymology-based (CLuw. nannā after Hitt. nanna-/nanni(ya)-(ḫi) ‘to lead’), without a clear context to confirm the proposal. Since the morphological analysis (see under Stem) provides further support for the semantic interpretation, it is tentatively followed here (accepted also in HHw:110), but see also the very different approach by Yakubovich 2017d with the interpretation of nannā as the voc. sg. of Luw. nann(i)- ‘master’ (as attested in Hieroglyphic Luwian), apposition to iyā interpreted as voc. sg. of the divine name ‘Ea’.

[E.R.]

1.1.5Stem

The analysis of CLuw. nannā as a close cognate of Hitt. nanna-/nanni(ya)-(ḫi) implies that also nannā belongs to the rare class of imperfectives in -anna-(i) (see Sasseville 2021a:513-516, including references on the Hittite verb), the 2sg. impv. deriving from the strong stem (cf. also Ištanuwa Luwian 3sg. impv. pāyu ‘let him give’ in contrast to piyandu at KBo 13.260 ii 25-29 from the Tauriša tradition).

[E.R.]

1.2 Lycian B

nẽnije-(ti)

‘to drive there (?)’

1.2.1Transmission

This lexeme is attested in the inscription of the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.).

[D.S.]

1.2.2Forms

3sg. pres. act. nẽnijeti TL 44d.65 (Xanthos)  

Thus Shevoroshkin 1969a:268, DLL:123, Sasseville 2021a:518. Outdated Gusmani 1968c:11 n. 56 “abl./instr.”.

[D.S.]

1.2.3Meaning

The Lycian B word was elucidated by Shevoroshkin 1969a:268, who equated it to Hitt. nanna-/-i(ya)-(ḫi) ‘to drive there, lead’ (followed by Starke 1990a:333 n. 1181, Gehrisch 2018a:91 “to hand over”, Sasseville 2021a:242). Due to the obscurity of the context, other scholars have refrained from attributing any meaning to it (e.g. DLL:123, Neumann 2007a:242).

[D.S.]

1.2.4Stem

The verbal form nẽnijeti belongs to the Lycian verbal stem class in -ije-(ti) (without contraction) and can be associated with a (lexicalized) imperfective formation in -ẽnije-(ti), corresponding to Hittite -anna-/-i(ya)-(ḫi) and CLuw. -anna-(i) (see Sasseville 2021a:518).

[D.S.]

1.3 Hittite

nanna-/-i(ya)-(ḫi)

‘to drive, lead’

1.3.1Literature / Comments

CHD L-N:391-393

2. Reconstruction

2.1Reconstruction ‘to drive, lead’

Equating CLuw. nanna-(i) and Lyc. B nẽnije-(ti) with Hitt. nanna-/-i(ya)-(ḫi) ‘to drive, lead’ allows us to reconstruct a Proto-Anatolian imperfective formation derived from the strong stem of the verb *nói̯h1-/nih1 ‘to turn’ (+ loss of intervocalic glide). The reconstruction of the Hitt. suffix -anna-/-i(ya)- (CLuw. -anna-(i) and Lyc. B -ẽnije-(ti)) is highly debated; see Sasseville 2021a:525-528 with further literature. The reconstruction of the suffix adopted here, i.e. *noi̯h1- + -ādn- + -ói̯h1-/-ih1 ‘to drive, lead’ follows Sasseville 2021a:528, but should be considered probative.

For the rejection of the hypothesis that Hitt. nanna-/-i(ya)-(ḫi) comes from the reduplication of the base verb, see Sasseville 2021a:515f. and cf. CLuw. nana-(i). One should also compare another possible Proto-Anatolian formation of this type; see under Lyc. B pẽnije-(ti).

[D.S.]

For the lemma head see CLuw. nai-/ni(ya)-(i).

Cross-references

Referred to from this article