*=soi
‘(refl. pron.)’
- Language
- Proto-Anatolian
- Grammar
- pron
- ID
- 2661
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lydian
=iš
‘(part.)’1.1.1Transmission
This particle is found in the inscriptions of various genres.
[I.Y.]
1.1.2Forms
| indecl. | =iš | LW 10.3 (Sardis) | |
| LW 13.2 (Sardis) | |||
| LW 14.1 (Sardis) | |||
| LW 14.15 (Sardis) | |||
| LW 23.9 (Sardis) | |||
| LW 24.7 (Sardis) | |||
| LW 24.8 (Sardis) | |||
| =i[š] | LW 23.20 (Sardis) |
The restoration of =i[š] in LW 23.20 is not assured. For the separation of the emphasizing particle =(i)s, cf. the corresponding lemma.
[I.Y.]
1.1.3Meaning
The existence of this particle was affirmed in Melchert 1991a:140f., contra Gusmani 1964a:129, where it had been taken as a clitic pronominal form. Since there are no forms where the alleged pronominal stem *=i- occurs without a sibilant, this part of Melchert 1991a’s analysis is compelling. The same cannot be said about Melchert 1991a’s attempt to treat some instances of =is and =s together with =iš. Since free variation between /s/ and /š/ does not belong to the standard features of the Lydian language, it is more economical to treat all such cases as instantiations of the emphasizing particle =(i)s, as justly observed in Kloekhorst 2012a:170f.
Melchert 1991a’s suggestion that =iš has the indirect reflexive function, albeit supported in Yakubovich 2010a:180, likewise becomes hard to accept once all evidence is taken into consideration. In six out of its eight occurrences, the particle =iš co-occurs with the pronoun =mλ ‘to him’, which would be an odd distribution for an etymological dative reflexive form. Furthermore, Lydian has a better candidate for a reflexive particle, namely =(i)τ.
In the available examples, the particle =iš always occupies the position after the pronominal forms in the clitic chain. This leaves open the possibility that it occupies the same rank as the “local” particle =(i)t. Furthermore, all the fully preserved clauses containing =iš also feature indirect objects, which makes it likely that this seemingly redundant particle was used for their head-marking, just as was the case of =(i)t.
[I.Y.]
1.2 Palaic
=(š)ši
‘(refl. pron.)’1.2.1Transmission
This particle is used throughout the Palaic corpus.
[D.S.]
1.2.2Forms
| 2nd reflex. | ˚š-ši-i˚ | KUB 35.165 obv. 22 | (CTH 751, OS or MS) |
| KUB 35.165 obv. 22 | (CTH 751, OS or MS) | ||
| ši | KUB 35.165 obv. 25 | (CTH 751, OS or MS) | |
| KUB 35.165 rev. 9’ | (CTH 751, OS or MS) | ||
| ˹ši˺ | KBo 48.178 | (CTH 751, NS) | |
| KBo 62.43 iv 1’/7’ | (CTH 751, NS) | ||
| 3rd reflex. | ši | KUB 35.168, 6’ | (CTH 752, OS) |
| KUB 32.18 i 7’ | (CTH 752, OS or MS) | ||
| KUB 32.18 i 9’ | (CTH 752, OS or MS) | ||
| KBo 40.108, 3’ | (CTH 751, MS?) | ||
| zi | KUB 32.18 i 1’ | (CTH 752, OS or MS) | |
| KUB 32.18 i 10’ | (CTH 752, OS or MS) | ||
| KUB 35.164 ii 12’ | (CTH 752, OS or MS) | ||
| KUB 35.164 | (CTH 752, OS or MS) | ||
| KBo 25.139 ii 13’ | (CTH 752, OS or MS) |
The variant -zi occurs after resonants (Carruba 1970a:70, Melchert 1994a:194).
[D.S.]
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photograph in the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv).
[D.S.]
1.2.4Meaning
The pronoun -(š)ši has been equated with the Hittite pronoun of the 3rd person singular =(š)še/=(š)ši (Kammenhuber 1959a:23, Carruba 1970a:70). Carruba 1970anotices rightly that it can be used reflexively. Yakubovich 2010d:176f. explains that the Palaic =(š)ši is originally the reflexive pronoun of the 3rd person singular, but that it has already begun to enter the scope of the 2nd person singular by the time Palaic is attested. One should also emphasize that it occurs with both 3rd singular and plural subjects.
[D.S.]
1.3 Hittite
=(š)še/=(š)ši
‘to him/her/it’1.3.1Literature / Comments
HEG S:967f., Hoffner & Melchert 2008a:135
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘(refl. pron.)’
The equation between Hitt. =(š)še/=(š)ši and Palaic =(š)ši (and perhaps Lyd. =iš or =(i)s; cf. under lemmata and Melchert 1991a:142, oudated Meriggi 1963a:25) allows for the reconstruction of a Proto-Anatolian reflexive pronoun *=soi, belonging to the 3rd person (Melchert 1991a:142, HEGS:968 (missing Lydian), Eichner 1973a:78 and EDHIL:741 (though both without the comparative Anatolian data),Yakubovich 2010d:178). The same pronoun is preserved as a grammaticalized morpheme in HLuw. /-si/ to mark the preterit tense of the medio-passive (Rieken 2004b:184).
[D.S.]