ddewe-

This lexeme is found in the inscription of the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.).

[D.S.]

nom./acc. sg.	ddewẽ	TL 44c.6 (Xanthos)
	ddeu	TL 44c.10 (Xanthos)
	dewẽ	TL 44b.39 (Xanthos)
		TL 44b.57 (Xanthos)
unclear	ddewẹ?	TL 44c.9 (Xanthos)

For TL 44c.9, Kalinka 1901a:43 and Borchhardt & Eichner 1999a read ddewẹ. From a contextual perspective, we would expect ddewẽ as in TL 44c.6. Thus, either the letter has been incorrectly restored and one should read ddewẹ̃ instead, or it may need to be emended to ddewẽ^! (despite Melchert’s interpretation of it as a locative form, see DLL:9). The form ddeu seems to reflect an apocope of ddewẽ (cf. the apocope of the participial endings in the neuter).

[D.S.]

Carruba 1977a:309 suggests equating ddewe- with HLuw. /tawiyan/ ‘in face of’ (followed by Lebrun 1990a:167 n. 2), which is phonologically unpersuasive. Likewise, Yakubovich (pers. comm.) equates ddewẽ with n͂tewẽ, assuming that initial dd- is a variant of n͂t-, which is not supported by the bulk of the data. Melchert (DLL:9f.) objects to this comparison by pointing to the compounds hlm͂midewe- and hlm͂mipijata-, which speak for ddewe- as a noun meaning something like ‘gift’ (followed by Sasseville 2021a:159, contra Schürr 2009b:109 n. 10, 113 n. 23, who takes it as a place name). His view is further supported by the presence of the Lycian verb da-^(di) ‘to give’ with its initial d-for a linguistic explanation, see Sasseville 2021a:305f., pace Valério 2015a:341 and by the contexts in general, in which ddewẽ refers to post-war dedications and must be taken as the direct object of transitive verbs.

                se=dewẽ : zxxaza : se=ñtuweriha : ade (TL 44b.57)

                ‘He made a gift to the fighters and to the auxiliary troops.’

                se=utãna : sttati : sttala : ẽti : malijahi : pddãti ddewẽ : zxxazãi (TL 44c.6)

                ‘In Utãna, a stele stands within the precinct of Malija as a gift from the fighters.’

Therefore, the meaning ‘gift’ is accepted here.Outdated Meriggi 1963a:13.

[D.S.]

The substantive ddewe- is a neuter noun. Synchronically speaking, it could be a formation in -we/i- derived from the reduplicated verb dda-^(di) (← da-^(di)) ‘to give’. On the other hand, Melchert (DLL:9f.) suggests that the -w- is part of the root (as an extension), i.e. *deh₃u̯-; cf. Pal. tāzzu-.

[D.S.]

1. Hlm͂midewe- (PN) (Schürr 2009b:115)

2. Ddawahãma- (PN) (Schürr 2016d:158)

3. Ddawãparta- (PN) (Schürr 2016d:158)

1. Ddew[ele]de- (PN) (Tekoğlu 2017a:65, Christiansen 2019b:130)

2. ddewi-^(ti)

This lexeme is found in the inscription of the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.).

[D.S.]

acc. pl.

dewis

TL 44c.55 (Xanthos)

The grammatical interpretation of a Lycian A accusative plural in Lycian B follows Melchert (DLL:114) and Shevoroshkin 2002a:228 (also considered a possibility by Schürr 2016d:158).

[D.S.]

The comparison between dewis and Lyc. A ddewe- is obvious (DLL:114). Schürr 2016d:157f., who takes the Lycian A cognate as an ethnicon, interprets likewise Lyc. B dewis (defective for dewis?) as a derived ethnic adjective.Outdated Shevoroshkin 1977a:140. No translation is offered by Gehrisch 2018a:82. In analogy to Lycian A ddewe- ‘gift’, we expect the same meaning to apply to Lyc. B ddewis and contextual support is brought by Sasseville 2021d, who takes dewis as noun in apposition to tuburiz ‘vines’, direct object of pduradi ‘carries’. Thus, the brought vines are considered gifts for the deities of certain sanctuaries of different towns.

[D.S.]

The difference in gender between Lyc. B dewe/i- c. and Lyc. A ddewe- n. is noteworthy. Schürr 2016d:158 suggests a derivative in -i(je)-, which is possible but not verifiable until more forms of the lexeme are attested.

[D.S.]

For the derivational base, see Lyc. da-^(di).