/had(a)r(i)-/, ha-IUSTITIA+RA/I-
‘life’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- subst
- ID
- 3719
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/had(a)r(i)-/, ha-IUSTITIA+RA/I-
‘life’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested six times in inscriptions from Cilicia, Karkamiš and Tabal, dating from 8th to the 7th centuries BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| acc. sg. | /had(a)ra(/i)n/ | ha-IUSTITIA+RA/I-na | ÇİFTLİK, §16 (Tabal) |
| dat./loc. sg. | /had(a)ra/i/ | ha-IUSTITIA+RA/I | KARKAMIŠ A5a, §2 (Karkamiš) KIRŞEHİR, §2 (Tabal) |
| abl./instr. | /had(a)radi/ | ha-tà+ra/i-ti-i | KARATEPE (Hu.), §49 (Cilicia) |
| ha-IUSTITIA+RA/I-ri+í | KARATEPE (Ho.), §49 (Cilicia) | ||
| ha-IUSTITIA+RA/I-ti-’ | KIRŞEHİR, §5 (Tabal) |
The spelling of KIRŞEHİR lead strip, §5 is interesting in that it uses 〈-’〉 (sign *450, value /a/) to mark the end of the word, but follows this with a particle chain 〈-wa/i-mu-u〉, /=wa=mu/, i.e. the quotative particle followed by ‘(to) me’.
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word is tentative. While the value /tara/i/ for IUSTITIA (sign *371) has long been known (see Laroche 1960c:197f.) and the lenited quality of the dental is indicated by 〈tà〉, the stem final vowel remains unclear. Regardless of whether 〈+ra/i〉 serves as a phonetic indicator for the preceding logogram or should be read syllabically here, the sign remains vocalically underspecified and may therefore record an a-stem or an i-mutated stem.
Based on the spelling 〈ha-tà+ra/i-ti-i〉 in KARATEPE (Hu.), §49, Rieken 2008b:644 argues against a tentative hypothesis voiced by Hawkins 2000a:65 that the word cannot be related to CLuw. ḫattūlāḫi(t)- ‘health’, because 〈tà〉 is used for a dental that is lenited between vowels.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this word has long been clear for the reason that it occurs in the KARATEPE 1 bilingual inscription and equates with Phoenician ḥym ‘life’, see Bossert 1953a:320f., followed by Hawkins 2000a:538, noting that the Phoenician version shows a different word order. The clause in KARATEPE Hu., §49 reads: wa/i-ta u-sa-nú-wa/i-tu-u (LITUUS)á-za-ti-wa/i-tà-na sa-pi-sá-lá/í-ri+i ha-tà+ra/i-ti-i-há, approx. /wa=tta usnuwattu Azzattiwadan saPis(a)radi had(a)radi=ha/, meaning ‘May he (scil. the god Ba’al) bless Azzattiwada with health and life’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:55).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The morphological analysis of this noun depends first and foremost on the phonological interpretation of the attested forms. If the form should be /hadar(i)-/, it represents a common gender noun built on an adjective (cf. Melchert 2003b:197). In the case of an a-stem /had(a)ra-/, however, Yakubovich (pers. comm.) assumes a connection with HLuw. ha-tu-ra+a and considers a syncope of /hadura-/ > /hadra-/ possible, or a weakening of the vowel to schwa, i.e. [hadǝra-].
[AH.B.]