*b^hórh₂-/b^hr̥h₂-´

The CLuw. verb parḫaddu is more likely to reflect a ḫi-conjugated verb with a theme vowel (thus matching Hitt. parḫa-/parḫ-^(ḫi)) than a mi-conjugated one (which would match Hitt. parḫ-^(mi)). Therefore, with all due caution, we reconstruct a Proto-Anatolian root verb of ḫi-conjugation *b^hórh₂-/b^hr̥h₂-´ ‘to chase’ (pace EDHIL:634f., who assumes the ḫi-conjugated verb to be secondary). The shape of the root has been reconstructed as such on account of the comparative evidence with Indo-Iranian (see below), thus Oettinger 1979a:213f., Yoshida 2007a, EDHIL:634f., Melchert 2016a:206, contra HED PA:121 and for a summary of various suggested etymologies, see HEG P:453f. The root-final *h₂ instead of *h₃ is supported by the Hittite spellings such as pár-aḫ-ḫa-a-i, in which the scribes attempts to express the voiceless quality of the laryngeal.The morphological comparison between Hitt. parḫanna-/-i(ya)-^(ḫi) and Ved. bhuraṇyáti is outdated; see Sasseville 2021a:526, pace Oettinger 1992a:236.

On the retention of the root-final laryngeal in the medio-passive parḫattari, see Yoshida 2007a.

[D.S.]

The basic meaning of the root *b^herh₂- is reconstructed as ‘to move quickly’ in LIV²:81 s.v. *b^herh₂- (“sich schnell bewegen”). In Hittite, this meaning may be reflected in a couple of intransitive instances of the verb parḫ-^(mi), parḫa-/parḫ-^(ḫi) in which it means ‘to hasten, hurry, race’ (see CHD P:146 meaning 5). The predominant transitive meaning ‘to drive, chase’ in Hittite and Luwian would then have to be interpreted as originating in a quasi-causative ‘to make someone move quickly’. However, root verbs based on intransitive root semantics only rarely develop causative meanings. The other direction is more frequent, namely that (active) verbs function both as a transitive and as their own oppositional anticausative (discussed, e.g., by Kulikov 2012a:27 et passim; Malzahn 2014c:97–100). This causative alternation is attested for a number of thematic presents (*-e/o- and *-i̯e/o-) in the Indo-European daughter languages (cf., e.g., Vedic ríṣyati ‘injures; is injured’) and can be projected for root presents as well (see Höfler 2023a:110). Accordingly, it might be preferable to reconstruct the meaning of *b^herh₂- as a transitive ‘to chase, rush, hurry somebody’ (thus Oettinger 2020b). The root present *b^hérh₂-ti then meant ‘chases, rushes, hurries (somebody)’ (reflected in Hittite parḫzi ‘drives, chases (somebody)’), but could also serve as its own intransitive anticausative ‘chases (around), rushes, hurries’ (reflected in Hittite parḫ- (intr.) ‘to hasten, hurry’ and in Indo-Iranian, even if these do not continue the root present). This also aligns with Oettinger 2020b who shows that the meaning ‘to move back and forth quickly, to rush, to bustle, to shake’ assigned to Vedic bharⁱ (and by extension to Proto-Indo-European *b^herh₂-) does not really account for the Rigvedic passages and argues for a meaning ‘to stamp, stomp’ (< ‘chase, rush’) instead.

[S.H.]

Hittite parḫ-^(mi), parḫa-/parḫ-^(ḫi) ‘to drive, chase, make gallop; (intr.) to hasten’, Cuneiform Luwian parḫ(a)- ‘to drive, chase’, Hieroglyphic Luwian /parh(a)-/ ‘to drive’.See above and EDHIL:634f. s.v. parḫ-^(zi).

Vedic bharⁱ ‘to move back and forth quickly, to rush, to bustle, to shake’ or ‘to stamp, stomp’as per Oettinger 2020b (e.g., bhurántu ‘let them clatter’ RV 10.76.6, etc.), intens. járbhurīti ‘moves quickly, rushes along, flickers’ (RV), bhū́rṇi- ‘restless, active, excited, wild’ (RV). Cf., e.g., EWAia II:250 s.v. BHAR^I, Werba 1997a:308 s.v. *bhṝ, LIV²:81 s.v. *b^herh₂-.

(?) Young Avestan barəṇt- ‘storming’. Cf., e.g., EWAia II:250 s.v. BHAR^I, LIV²:81 s.v. *b^herh₂-. See EDIV:10 s.v. *bharH for more potential but doubtful evidence from other Iranian languages.

(?) Latin furō, -ere ‘to rave, rage, or seethe’ (Enn.+), furia, -ae f. ‘fury, rage’ (Enn.+), furor, -ōris m. ‘violent madness’ (Lucr.+).Seen as a cognate by, e.g., LIV²:81 s.v. *b^herh₂-; agnostic EDLIL:252 s.v. furō; subsumed with ferveō, fervō ‘be hot, burn, boil’ under a root *b^heru̯- ‘to boil, to surge’ by Kölligan 2020b.