pddẽ

This lexeme is attested in various types of inscriptions, notably the Letoon trilingual datable to the ruling period of the Carian Satrap Pixodaros over Lycia.

[D.S.]

indecl.	pddẽ	TL 40d.2 (Xanthos)
		TL 84.7 (Sura)
		N 320.3 (Xanthos)
		N 320.37 (Xanthos)
	pdde(=)	N 318.3 (Xanthos)

Contra Melchert (DLL:48), the lack of nasalization in pdde=ñne is simply due to the common reduction of ẽ and ã to e and a before a nasal. Therefore, to take pdde as a locative form is not convincing. A confusion between the attestations belonging to a preposition and the ones belonging to the noun from which it derives has long been upheld in the literature, see already Gusmani 1960b:508f. and Carruba 1977a:281f.

[D.S.]

The segment pddẽtẹ [s]ẹ=ebei is analyzed instead as pddẽ tẹ[s]ẹ ebei (TL 149.15) by Carruba 1978b:175 (followed by DLL:48) and even as pddẽ=te [s]e ebei by Christiansen 2020a:225. The former interpretation is less likely on syntactic grounds; for the interpretation as dat./loc. pl. pddẽte, see pddãt(i)-.

[D.S.]

On contextual and syntactic grounds, Thomsen 1922a:369 n. 1 translates pddẽ with ‘in front of’ (or ‘in the presence of’) in TL 40d.2, which is followed by Laroche 1974a:119 and Laroche 1979c:75 in his translation of N 320.37, breathing sense into all passages (see Schürr 2010a:151).Melchert (DLL:48) assumes this interpretation to be valid only for a single attestation, but see under Forms for a criticism. A summary of the various hypotheses and the outdated literature can be found in Gusmani 1979e:135 and Neumann 2007a:260f. For a discussion of pddẽ as preverb in pddẽ hadẽ (N 320), see Heubeck 1981a:159 and cf. Laroche 1979c:61.

The etymological connection with Hitt. pēda- n. ‘place’ has often been maintained, see Gusmani 1979e:135 (repeated in Melchert in DLL:48 and Neumann 2007a:261), whereas a connection with Lyc. pede(/i)- ‘foot’ is preferred by Schürr 2010a:154 (followed by Yakubovich 2017c:9f.). Although either of the two substantives is typologically fine as a source for the probably inner-Lycian grammaticalized adverb, the former is more likely due to the presence of the neuter noun pddẽ(n)- n. ‘place’. In any case, the overreaching interpretation of pddẽ as a univerbation of pede(/i)- ‘foot’ and *ẽ(n) ‘in’ as advocated in Boroday & Yakubovich 2018a:18 is completely unnecessary.

[D.S.]

The preposition and preverb pddẽ represents a grammaticalized acc. sg. from the noun pddẽ(n)- n. ‘place’.

[D.S.]

1. pddãxñta- (PN) (Neumann 2007a:259)
2. pddẽxba- (DN) (Neumann 1979c:262, 264, Neumann 2007a:262, Schürr 2012c:9)

For the lemma head see Lyc. pddẽ(n)-.