/uranu(wa)-(i)/
‘to make great, magnify’
- Language
- Common Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 3255
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/uranu(wa)-(i)/, MAGNUS+ra/i-nu-
‘to make great, magnify’1.1.1Transmission
The lexeme is attested eleven times, and the inscriptions were found in Karkamiš, Cilicia, Malatya, and Tabal. The datings of the texts fall between possibly the 12th and the early 7th century BCE.
[AH.B.]
1.1.2Forms
| 2pl. pres. ind. act. | /uranuwattani | MAGNUS+ra/i-nú-wa/i-ta-ni-i | KARKAMIŠ A6, §22 (Karkamiš) |
| 3pl. impv. ind. act. | /uranuwantu/ | MAGNUS+ra/i-nú-wa/i-tu | KARATEPE 1 Ho., §57 (Cilicia) |
| MAGNUS+ra/i-nú-wa/i-tu-´ | KARATEPE 1 Hu., §57 (Cilicia) | ||
| 1sg. pret. ind. act. | /urannuhha/ | MAGNUS+ra/i-nu-ha-a | KARKAMIŠ A15b, §13 (Karkamiš) |
| MAGNUS+ra/i-nu-ha | KARKAMIŠ A15b, §15 (Karkamiš) | ||
| 3sg. pret. ind. act. | /uranuwatta/ | MAGNUS+ra/i-nu-wa/i-ta | KARATEPE 1 Hu., §2 (Cilicia) |
| 3pl. pret. ind .act. | /urannunta/ | MAGNUS-nú-ta | GÜRÜN, lower inscription §4 (Malatya) |
| MAGNUS-nú-tá | GÜRÜN, upper inscription §4 (Malatya) | ||
| inf. | /urannuna/ | MAGNUS-nú-na | KARKAMIŠ A21, §2 (Karkamiš) |
| unclear | /uranuwa[...]/ | MAGNUS+ra/i-nu-wa/i-[...] | TÜNP 2, l.2 §3 (Karkamiš) |
| /uranu[...]/ | MAGNUS+ra/i-nu-[ | ANDAVAL, l.4 (Tabal) |
The transcription of the attestation in KARKAMIŠ A6, §22 contains a typographical mistake in Hawkins 2000a:125; it should be read 〈MAGNUS+ra/i-nú-wa/i-ta-ni-i〉, and not 〈MAGNUS+ra/i-nu-wa/i-ta-ni-i〉, the sign 〈nú〉 is clearly visible on the photograph.
Not included in the above table is Karatepe 1 Ho., §2, which runs parallel to Karatepe 1 Hu., §2, but is severely fragmented in the relevant section. Merely the clitics of what would likely have been 〈[(MAGNUS+ra/i-nu-w)]a/i-ta〉 are still attested.
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation can be seen as assured. Even though the writing is not fully syllabic, Bossert 1933-1934a:113f. proposed to read it /urannu(wa)-/, because this word is part of the HLuw. word family around /ura-/ ‘great’, and CLuw. features the direct cognate urannuwa- (CLL:244). The CLuw. cognate is also the reason why the HLuw. phonological form is assumed to also feature a geminate /-nn-/ whenever /-uwa-/ is contracted to /-u-/, for which see Sasseville 2021a:463. With respect to the spelling, the logogram MAGNUS is used throughout, mostly with the addition 〈+ra/i〉, but sometimes also without, continuing with the stem forming suffix /-nu(wa)-(i)/.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning was first suggested by Bossert 1933-1934a:113f. because of a cognate suffix known from Hittite, where -nu- has a similar function. Later scholars have followed him, cf. e.g. more recently Melchert 1999a:243. The assigned meaning is borne out in the contexts, thus e.g. in KARKAMIŠ A15b, §13: Ika-ma-ni-na-pa-wa/i-a (CRUS+CRUS)ní-ia-sa-ta-la-na MAGNUS+ra/i-nu-ha-a, approx. /Kamanin=ba=wa niyassattallan urannuhha/, meaning ‘I made Kamani great as my successor’.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The verb is a factitive derivation from the adjectival base /ura/i-/ ‘great’, see Melchert 1999a:243, repeated in Melchert 2003b:199, and followed by Sasseville 2021a:474f. For more information on the verbal class in /-nu(wa)-(i)/, see Sasseville 2021a:462-464.
[AH.B.]
*This lemma was co-written with the trainee Marian Wehrstein.
1.2 Cuneiform Luwian
uranu(wa)-(i)
‘to make great, magnify’1.2.1Transmission
The two attestations of the verb are found in fragments of the Kuwattalla tradition (from MS onward).
[E.R.]
1.2.2Forms
| 3pl. impv. act. | u-ra-an-nu-un-du | KBo 29.6 i 31 | (CTH 762, NS) |
| unknown | u-ra-an-nu-[ | KBo 9.143 ii! 10 | (CTH 763, MS) |
1.2.3Graphic Features
Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. For a linguistic justification behind the geminating -nn-, see Sasseville 2021a:463.
[E.R.]
1.2.4Meaning
It is the transparent word formation with the causative/factitive suffix -nu(wa)- attached to ura/i- ‘great’ that permits the semantic interpretation as ‘to make great, to magnify’ (as noted in Kronasser 1966a:439 n. 3, CLL:244, Melchert 1999a:243, Melchert 2003b:199, HHw:187, HEG U-Z:88, Sasseville 2021a:462, 474f.). The interpretation is also compatible with the context at KBo 29.6 i 31: zaš=pa kuwatin kummaš NA4aššuš [uranuwammiš(?)] kummaiya=tta urannundu [ … ] “As this pure object, the stone, [is magnified(?)], let the [lord of the ritual and …] magnify the pure (items).”
[E.R.]
1.2.5Stem
For the denominative derivation by means of the suffix -nu(wa)-(i) with factitive semantics, see Kronasser 1966a:439 n. 3, Melchert 1999a:243, Melchert 2003b:199, Sasseville 2021a:462, 474f.
[E.R.]
For the lemma head see CLuw. ura/i-.