/naha/, NEG2-ha
‘neither, nor’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- neg
- ID
- 3156
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/naha/, NEG2-ha
‘neither, nor’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested nine times in inscriptions from Tabal, Maraş, the Amuq and Karkamiš, dating from the 10th to the mid-8th century BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
At ÇİFTLİK, §3, the combination of 〈-a-ha〉 following after the logogram looks almost like the ligature ARḪA (sign *216), because the signs are set so closely together, still an analysis as the latter is highly unlikely not least due to similar contexts in other inscriptions.
[AH.B.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of this word is likely clear, because its morphological structure is transparent, cf. the discussion below. No full cognates are known from the other Anatolian languages, although functional equivalents can be found in several of them.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
This lexeme usually appears twice, either in the same or in adjacent clauses as a correlative conjunction.At ÇİFTLİK, §3, the beginning of the following clause is broken off, but can safely be assumed to contain the correlative occurrence of /naha/. The meaning ‘neither … nor’ was first posited by Hawkins 1975a:138 in the context of KARKAMIŠ A2+3, §§3-4, and it has since been borne out by the additional find at ARSUZ 1 (and its duplicate ARSUZ 2), §§15-16: za-pa-wa/i NEG2-ha tá-ti-zi i-zi-ia-ta NEG2-ha-wa/i-tà AVUS-ha-zi i-zi-ia-ta, approx. /za=ba=wa naha tadinzi izziyanta naha=wa=ada huhanzi izziyanta/, meaning ‘(I moved my weapons to the town Urassa.) This neither (my) fathers did, nor did my grandfathers do it, (but I did it)’ (cf. Dinçol, Dinçol, Hawkins, Peker & Öztan 2015a:64f. and 67f. Regarding the positioning of /naha/, Hawkins & Morpurgo Davies 2010a:104 state that it occurs before the negated element, and that the second /naha/ always occurs clause-initially.
A semantic and functional match, though not a cognate, can be found in Lyd. nik ‘neither, nor’, which also occurs paired in the same manner.
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The word is a combination of the negation /na/ and the connective /=ha/ ‘and, also’, cf. Hawkins 1975a:138.
[AH.B.]