/allummi/, PUGNUS-la/i/u-mi
‘strongly’
- Language
- Hieroglyphic Luwian
- Grammar
- adv
- ID
- 3076
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Hieroglyphic Luwian
/allummi/, PUGNUS-la/i/u-mi
‘strongly’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is attested five times in inscriptions from Karkamiš and Emirgazi, dating from the 13th century to c. 800 BCE.
[A.P.]
1.1.2Forms
| indecl. | /allummi/ | PUGNUS.MI.LA/I/U | KARKAMIŠ A11a, §4 (Karkamiš) |
| PUGNUS-la/i/u-mi | KARKAMIŠ A15b, §2 (Karkamiš) | ||
| ˹PUGNUS˺[-mi] | EMİRGAZİ 1A, §27 (Emirgazi) | ||
| PUGNUS-mi | EMİRGAZİ 1B, §27 (Emirgazi) | ||
| PUGNUS-mi | EMİRGAZİ 1C, §27 (Emirgazi) |
The attestation at EMİRGAZİ 1A should be regarded as possible but uncertain.
The order of KARKAMIŠ A11a, §4 is clearly as transcribed, yet it may be considered if this was due to concerns of space and thus represents 〈PUGNUS-la/i/u-mi〉 as in the Karkamiš A15b, §2 attestation. Alternatively, the spelling may reflect the order of signs found in the more frequent personal name /Allummalli-/, usually spelt 〈PUGNUS.MI-li〉 reflecting its different morphology (see e.g. MALATYA 9).
[A.P.]
1.1.3Graphic Features
1.1.3.1Phonological Interpretation
The phonological interpretation of the word as /allummi/ can be regarded as reasonably certain, see Simon 2016g:73f. and cf. the discussion at HLuw. /allummi-/ ‘to strengthen’. As with the other words from the family, it cannot be said with certainty if the first lateral should be understood as a geminate /ll/ or a singleton /l/; the absence of any rhotacised forms may be taken as suggestive of the former, although it does not represent proof.
[AH.B.]
1.1.4Meaning
The meaning of this word has been clear for some time, see already Hrozný 1933a:176f., followed by scholars since. In KARKAMIŠ A15b, §2 reads: wa/i-mu-u kar-ka-mi-sà(URBS) SUPER+ra/i-a PUGNUS-la/i/u-mi PUGNUS-ri+i-i-ia-ha i-zi-ia-ta DEUS-ni-zi, approx. /wa=mu Karkamisa sarra allummi ariya=ha izziyanta massaninzi/, meaning ‘They made me strong and exalted over Karkamis, the gods’ (cf. Hawkins 2000a:130).
[AH.B.]
1.1.5Stem
The word appears to be indeclinable and hence used adverbially. If the comparison drawn by Melchert 2014a:136f. with CLuw. annarumma/i- ‘forceful, virile’ to annar(i)- ‘forcefulness, virility’ should hold true, the present form shows suffixation with /-ummi-/ and the derivational base would likely be an unattested */alli-/. Possibly the present word has served as the derivational basis for the verb /alummi-(ti)/ ‘to strengthen’, or vice versa, or both derive from the same otherwise unattested base.
[AH.B.]