*su̯ā-
‘to make into one’s own’
- Language
- Proto-Luwian
- Grammar
- verb
- ID
- 2574
1. Individual Anatolian Languages
1.1 Lycian A
hba-(ti)
‘to be able to (?)’1.1.1Transmission
This lexeme is found in the inscription of the inscribed pillar of Xanthos, dated contextually to shortly after the ascension of Artaxerxes II in 405-404 BCE and stylistically to around 400 BCE (Borchhardt & Eichner 1997-1999a:19f.).
[D.S.]
1.1.2Forms
| 3pl. pres. ind. act. | hbãti | TL 44a.49 (Xanthos) |
1.1.3Meaning
Sasseville 2021c:165, 167 takes hbãti as the finite verb on which the infinitive xlaina depends and translates it with ‘to be able to’ in comparison with Lyd. *sfa- ‘to make into one’s own (vel sim.)’ (followed by Serangeli 2019a:234f.). Gusmani 1979c:232 also opens the possibility of seeing a nominal form in -nt(i)- modifying zehi (followed by Neumann 2007a:91), which is formally possible, but would leave the clause without a finite verb and is therefore less attractive.
[D.S.]
1.1.4Stem
The word is probably a factitive verb in -a-(ti). Contra Shevoroshkin 2011b:152, there are no gerundives in -nti in Lycian.
[D.S.]
2. Reconstruction
2.1Reconstruction ‘to make into one’s own’
The Lydian word family surrounding sfẽni-(t) ‘to own’, sfẽn(i)- ‘one’s own, relative’ and so on have been related to the Proto-Indo-European root *su̯o- (Gusmani 1975d:168, Szemerényi 1979a:628, Melchert 1994a:364). The Lycian verb hba-(ti) ‘to be able to’ in Lycian and the reconstructed Lydian verbal base *sfa- are most likely factitives in *-eh2-, i.e. Proto-Luwic *su̯ā- ‘to make into one’s own’ (→ ‘to be able to’). According to the conversion theory (Sasseville 2015a), the factitive should have been derived from a nominal base in *-eh2-, i.e. *su̯eh2- c.
[D.S.]
3. Proto-Indo-European
3.1Semantic Reconstruction
The stem PAnat. *su̯eh2- ‘the own, possession’, which is continued in the denominal formation Lyd. (fa‑)sfẽni‑(t) ‘to own’,For a different etymology, cf. LIPP II:756.can directly be derived from the reflexive (→ possessive) stem PIE *su̯ó‑/*su̯é- ‘self, his/her/its own’ (LIPP II:751–762). Although comparable formations are attested elsewhere (cf. Lat. n. suum, pl. sua, Ved. n. svám ‘property’), the substantivization of the possessive adjective ‘his/her/its own’ with the meaning ‘the own, property’ is trivial and hence needs not to be reconstructed for the proto-language.
3.1.1Root etymology
In every major IE branch either the reflexive pronoun or reflexive possessive adjective PIE *su̯ó‑/*su̯é‑, *séu̯o- or both are attested.For more stems and roots that are possibly derived from this pronoun, cf. LIPP II:752f., 758–760, IEW:882–884. PIE *su̯ek̑u̯r̥‑/‑u̯er- ‘?in law’ (NIL:672–675, not mentioned in LIPP II:751–762) vel sim. could be connected, too, cf. NIL:673 n. 1. On the PIE root *su̯edhh1- ‘sich selbst als (Akk.)/für, zu (Dat.) etw. bestimmen’, cf. NIL:667–669, LIPP II:760, Schutzeichel 2014a:141–143. On the PIE word for ‘sister, cf. NIL:680–683 and PIE *h1(e)s-or- ‘woman’.The primary function of this stem was reflexivity out of which (reflexive) possessive value developed naturally.For different developments, as represented by, e.g., Lat. sē(d) ‘without’, cf. LIPP II:761 et passim.The underlying pronominal root is thus reconstructed as PIE *su̯e- ‘self’ (LIPP II:751–762).
3.2Morphological Reconstruction
The derivational base of Lyd. (fa‑)sfẽni‑(t) ‘to own’ can be reconstructed as the collective h2‑stem PAnat. *su̯eh2- ‘the own, possession’ which could in theory be traced back to PIE, cf. Lat. n. pl. sua, Ved. n. sg. svám ‘property’, etc. However, as is argued for above, the substantivization, both semantically and morphologically, is so trivial that it is not recommended to reconstruct this noun for PIE.
3.2.1Root etymology
The (reflexive) possessive adjective PIE *su̯ó‑/*su̯é- ‘his/her/its own’ is derived from the reflexive pronominal root *su̯e- ‘self’.There is also a synonymous vṛddhi-formation PIE *seu̯ó- ‘his/her/its own’ (LIPP II:752), cf. the Transmission above.According to LIPP II:762, the ultimate base of the reflexive pronoun PIE *su̯é- is PIE *su that was thematicized to *su̯ó‑/*su̯é- (cf. also LIPP II:751f.).On the variant without labial which is probably attested in, e.g., Lat. sē ‘himself’, cf. LIPP II:753f., and, esp. on the Greek forms without digamma-reflex, cf. Petit 1999a:128 et passim.
[A.O.]
4. Transmission
refl. poss.-adj. Ved. s(u)vá- ‘my/your/his/her/its (own) (also for pl.)’ (RV+), sbst. n. svám ‘the own’ (RV+); refl. poss.-adj. Av. xva-, YAv. huua‑, hava- ‘id.’, OPers. *uva- ‘own’
EWAia II:787f., Grassmann 1996a:1619–1621, Bartholomae 1904a:1783–1785, 1845f., 1858, Schmitt 2014a:269
refl.-pron. Arm. nom.-acc. ink‘n, gen. iwroy ‘self, his/her/its own’
EDAIL:303
refl.-pron. OPhryg. acc. sg. m. ve‑n=avtun ‘himself’ (W-01b), (?)OPhryg. acc. sg. m. ove=vin ‘his’ (W-01b), NPhryg. dat. sg. f. οε=αυται (16.1),
Obrador-Cursach 2020a:94, 241, 315
refl.-pron. acc. sg. Lat. sē, sēd ‘himself (XII, Andr.+); (as prep. +abl.) without (XII+)’, Osc. siom (TB 5,6,9), dat. sg. Lat. sibī, Osc. sífeí (Cp 36), Lat. conj. sed ‘but’ (Plaut.+), etc.
refl. poss.-pron. OLat. sovos*, Lat. suus, ‑a, ‑um ‘his/her/its own’, sbst. n. sg./pl. suum, sua ‘his/her/its (own) property or possessions’ (XII, Enn.+); refl. poss.-pron. Osc. gen. sg. m. suveís, etc., Umbr. loc. sg. f./n. svesu, etc. ‘his/her/its own’
WH II:506f., 507, 626f., EM:609, 664, EDLIL:549, 549f., Vine 2012a:13, Untermann 2000a:681f., 724f., OLD²:1890f., 1891, 2087–2089
OIr. féin ‘own, self’
EDPC:361f., eDIL 2019 s.v. fadéin, féin (2022-05-03)
Lith. ‑se, ‑si, OPruss. sien, sebbei; OCS sę, sebě, etc. ‘his/her/itself’
refl.-pron. Lith. savę̃s, Latv. sevis, OPruss. swais, etc. ‘(his/her/its) own, self’; OCS svojĭ ‘id.’
EDBIL:—, ALEW 2.0 s.vv. savę̃s (2022-05-03), ‑si (2022-05-03), PKEŽ² s.vv. sien (2022-05-03), swais (2022-05-03), EDSIL:—, ESJS:812f.
Alb. non-active ptcl. u, refl.-pron. vétë ‘self’
Schumacher & Matzinger 2013a:48, Matzinger 2006a:120, AED:482, Demiraj 1997a:400
refl. poss.-adj. (indecl.) TochA ṣñ‑i ‘own’, TochB ṣañ ‘own; (sbst. n.) nature, characteristic’
DTB²:708f.