*tuHVrā-

This lexeme is found in Hittite spell fragments with Luwian elements.

[O.B.]

nom. pl.	[túḫ-ḫa-r]a-an-zi	KUB 35.145 ii 2’	(CTH 767, NS)
	túḫ-ḫa-[ra-an-zi]	KUB 35.143, 10’	(CTH 767, NS)
acc. pl.	túḫ-ḫa-ra-an-zi	KUB 17.15 ii 8’	(CTH 767, NS)
	túḫ-ḫa-ra-an-za	KUB 35.144, 5’	(CTH 767, NS)

On KUB 17.15, the original nom. pl. form functions as an acc. pl. (see Yakubovich 2010b:31).

[O.B.]

All forms have been checked against the Konkordanz (Mainzer Fotoarchiv).

The initial sign in this word is often given as 〈taḫ〉 (e.g. CLL:201), but is read here as 〈túḫ〉 in comparison with the plausible Lycian B cognate tuxara- and the radical connection to Hitt. tuḫḫā(i)-^(mi) ‘to produce smoke’ (Shevoroshkin 2012a:472, EDHIL:889).

[O.B.]

Luw. tuḫḫara- is construed as a subject with the Hittite verb ur-^a(ri) ‘to burn’ and as an object with Hitt. kištanu-^(mi) ‘to extinguish’. It follows that tuḫḫara- is some sort of flammable object (EDHIL:889, Shevoroshkin 2012a:459). Given that the word features in ritual contexts, a reasonable guess for semantic assignment appears to be ‘incense’ (cf. also Oettinger 1998a:97). This would agree well with a radical connection to Hitt. tuḫḫuai- c. ‘smoke’ and tuḫḫā(i)-^(mi) ‘to produce smoke’. The assignment remains tentative, however.

Luw. tuḫḫara- always occurs in conjunction with malwara-, for which the meaning is likewise uncertain.

[O.B.]

Luw. tuḫḫara- is a common gender a-stem.

[O.B.]

The Luwian provenance of tuḫḫara- is assured by the strictly Luwian endings -nzi and -nza (CLL:201, EDHIL:889, van den Hout 2006a:254, Shevoroshkin 2012a:459).

[O.B.]

This hapax is attested on TL 55, the inscription engraved on the lion sarcophagus of Antiphellos, dated stylistically to shortly after 400 BCE (Zahle 1979a:318, Mühlbauer 2007a:91).

[O.B.]

The abl./instr. form tuxaradi occurs in a highly obscure passage in which none of the surrounding words have clear semantics. Since TL 55 contains religious elements elsewhere (cf. Schürr 2005a:159-162), an equation with the corresponding Luwian noun may indicate a sense ‘incense (?)’. However, since the context does not provide any clues toward the use of the object denoted by tuxaradi, unlike in the case of the Luwian counterpart, and since the semantic assignment for Luw. tuḫḫara- is itself tentative, the sense of Lyc. B tuxara- remains unclear.

Neumann 2007a:387 suggests a comparison with tus- ‘to repeatedly place (vertically)’, but this finds no external justification and is seemingly only based on formal similarity.

[O.B.]

Lyc. B tuxara- is an a-stem. Considering the assured common gender of the corresponding Luwian noun, which constitutes a perfect formal match, common gender is assumed for the Lycian as well.

[O.B.]