duwip(a)

Two attestations of the word are known so far, one from a KIN oracle report from Kuşaklı-Šarišša, the other from a birth ritual (both NS).

[E.R.]

indecl.	du-wi5-ip	KUB 44.4 obv. 2	(CTH 767, NS)
	du-wi5-pa	KuT 14 rev. 1	(CTH 577, NS)

The adverbial force of the lexeme was explicitly noted in HHw:184 (differently HW 2nd ed. E:120, Dardano 2010a:77f.)

[E.R.]

Checked against the photographs in the Mainzer Fotoarchiv. – The reading of final -ip at KUB 44.4 obv. 2 follows Beckman 1983a:176 and Bachvarova 2013a:136. The sign is written over erasure, yet in a very clear way, whereas the emendations suggested because of the apparently ungrammatical formation of duwip, viz. -ia^! (HW 2nd ed. E:120, HEG T:498, Giorgieri 2004a:411, Dardano 2010a:77f.) and -iš^! (Starke 1985b:233, CLL:239), have become obsolete after the discovery of the cognate form du-wi₅-pa at KuT 14 rev. 1.

[E.R.]

The context of du-wi₅-ip describes the vestment of the Sky and the Moon-god foreboding evil for the birth of the child: ⁽²⁾[ne-p]í-ša-aš-za ge₆-i wa-ši-ia-at nu-za du-wi₅-ip (over erasure) wa-aš-ši-at ^Dsîn-aš-ma-〈za〉-e-eš-ḫa-ni-ia wa-aš-ši-at “[The Sk]y cloaked itself in darkness, it cloaked itself du-wi₅-ip, but the Moon-god put on bloody (cloths).” With the exception of HW 2nd ed. E:120 (‘ins Helle^??’, followed in HEG T:498, HHw:184), most authors left the lexeme untranslated (Beckman 1983a:177, Giorgieri 2004a:411, Dardano 2010a:77f., Bachvarova 2013a:136). As pointed out by Dardano 2010a:77, one would expect the name of a color (hence the semantic interpretation in HW 2nd ed. E:120) or, alternatively, a characteristic property of the sky, which should be scary and refer something similar to the darkness mentioned in the preceding clause.

The second attestation, du-wi₅-pa at KuT 14 rev. 1, occurs in an oracle inquiry regarding the reason for a deity’s wrath (ibid. obv. 2’). It is one of several alternatives offered: (1) because something was left out (ibid. obv. 4f.’), (2) because something was demanded by the deity on an earlier occasion, but not acted upon (ibid. obv. 7’), and (3) nu ir^TUM-ma ku-it du-wi₅-pa “or because the inquiry itself (-ma) (was) du-wi₅-pa”. Something must have been wrong with the inquiry, and Wilhelm 1997a:26 considers ‘widersprüchlich^??’ with due caution. In view of the semantic field proposed for du-wi₅-ip, viz. a scary property of the sky, the word likely refers to its intransparency, hence ‘in mist, misty’. This meaning conforms well with the possible dress of the sky in a myth and the inappropriateness of a question, when used metaphorically.

[E.R.]

The stem-final -p was questioned because it seemed ungrammatical (see under Graphic Features), but is now confirmed by du-wi₅-pa at KuT 14 rev. 1. Moreover, a parallel is provided by arlip and arlipa; cf. under the Lemma arlip(a). It features both final -p and the vacillation between -p and -pa, and it is used in adverbial function without morphosyntactic agreement. Therefore, =p(a) has to be interpreted as an adverbial formant. Obviously, its enclitic status makes it liable to undergo erosion and lose its final vowel, hence the exceptional word-final plosive -p that has emerged only recently. Luw. =p(a) is probably not (or only ultimately) identical with the Luwian conjunction =pa, but a kind of adverbial formant half-way between a clitic and a case ending or particle, probably petrified as part of the lexeme.

[E.R.]

The use of the gloss wedges in both occurrences in combination with the attestation at KUB 44.4+, a birth ritual heavily interspersed with Luwianisms, speak for a Luwian origin. In spite of the word-final plosive -p (besides -pa), this seems possible under the assumption that =p is the recently eroded clitic =pa. One could tentatively adduce an etymological connection with the Indo-European root for ‘smoke’ attested in Hittite as tuḫḫā(i)-^(mi) ‘to produce smoke’ and tuḫḫima- ‘smoke’ and the abstract noun tuḫḫiyatt-, assuming that the laryngeal was deleted before *-i̯- and that analogy failed to prevent or restore it like in the Hittite derivative; cf. CLuw. tuḫḫara-.

[E.R.]